1 Ģ
1() ǹ 392, 42, 31, 323 326 Ģ 814, 93 973 ۾ȯ , Ͽ ʿ .
2() ϴ ȣ .
1. üä̶ ÷⸦ ü ߿ Űų ü ǥ ˽ ․․․浹 Ű Ͽ ش ü ۾ȯ( ̶ Ѵ) Ϸ äϴ Ѵ.
2. üä̶ ÷⸦ ü , Ͽ ش üڿ Ϸ äϴ Ѵ.
3. ä̶ ÷⸦ , ġ ƴϰ ä Ǵ ä뺴 ä äϴ Ѵ.
4. ðä̶ ÷⸦ ð Ϸ äϴ Ѵ.
5. ä̶ ÷⸦ 縦 Ͽ ν ش 翡 Ϸ äϴ Ѵ.
6. ν÷ä롱 ν÷ä⸦ ̿Ͽ ․․․(fume)̽Ʈ(mist) ٷ ȣġ(ȣ⸦ ߽ ݰ 30 ݱ) äϴ Ѵ.
7. ÷ä롱 ÷ä⸦ ̿Ͽ ․․․(fume)̽Ʈ(mist) ٷ ۾ൿ ȣ ̿ Ͽ äϴ Ѵ.
8. ء̶ ǹ( ̶ Ѵ) 392 ۾ȯ Ѵ.
9. ְٷڡ ǹ Ģ( Ģ̶ Ѵ) ǥ 114 ۾ȯ ġ ٷ̰ų Ģ ǥ 114 ۾ȯ ڿ ֵǴ ٷڸ Ѵ.
10. ۾ҡ Ģ 931 ۾ȯ Ǵ ۾ Ǵ ۾ ϴ ٷڰ ۾ ϴ Ҹ Ѵ.
11. ȣ̶ ȣ⸦ Ͽ ִ ũ Ѵ.
12. Լ̶ ȣ ħϴ Ű Ѵ.
13. ڻ ̶ ȭڰ ․(fume)̽Ʈ(mist) · Ǵ Ѵ.
14. ̶ ȭڰ ․ · Ǵ Ѵ.
15. 427 ۾ȯ․мġ Ȯ е Ȯϱ Ͽ ۾ȯмɷ ϰ, ․ ۿ мɷ Ͽ ϴ Ѵ.
16. Ȯ мġ Ͽ° ϴ ġ ǥ Ѵ.
17. е ݺ․м Ÿ ڷ мġ ũⰡ ϴ ġ ǥ Ѵ.
ۿ ϴ Ư ִ ϰ , ǹ ( ̶ Ѵ), Ģ, DZؿ Ģ( DZĢ̶ Ѵ) ð ϴ ٿ .
2 ۾ȯ
1 ۾ȯ ñ
3 <>
4(ǽ ñ Ⱓ) <>
Ģ 934 ñ ȸ() Ϸ ȣ ϴ ξ Ѵ.
1. Ģ 9341 Ƚ 6 1ȸ ̻ 3 ̻
2. Ģ 9341 ܼ Ƚ 3 1ȸ ̻ 45 ̻
3. Ģ 9342 Ƚ 1 1ȸ ̻ 6 ̻
3231ȣ Ź( Ź̶ Ѵ) ǽ 쿡 ִ ǽ ҿⰣ Ͽ Ź ․Ͽ Ѵ.
42( ) Ģ 9314ȣ ۾ȯ ؿ Ͽ μ 뵿 Ͽ ϴ ۾塱̶ 「 ü 」 23ȣ Ҹ Ѵ. ٸ, ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 1 ̳ ǽϿ Ѵ.
1. ٷ ǰ ǽð Ұ Ǵ ڰ
2. ٷڴǥ 䱸ϴ μ ʿϴٰ Ǵ
3. ۿ 뵿 ʿϴٰ Ͽ
5 <>
6 <>
62(÷ м Ƿ) 3232ȣ ü Ģ 932 ۾ȯڴ ÷ м Ź Ƿ ִ.
2 ۾ȯ
1 û
7( Ź ) Ģ 964 뵿 ִ Ź 2 ̻ Ģ ϸ, Ź , Ͽ ִ. 2 ߰ 쿡 .
1 ̹ ٸ 뵿 ߰ Ģ 4ȣ û 鿡 ߰ 뵿 Ϸ ( Ѵ) Ͽ ûϿ Ѵ. ٸ, ٸ 뵿 ߰ 뵿 Ͽ 4 뵿 ʰ Ѵ.
2 뵿 ߰ 쿡 ʷ 뵿 Ȯϰ, Ѱ ȮϿ Ѵ.
뵿 1ȣ ߱忡 ϰ ․Ͽ Ѵ.
8 <>
82 <>
9( Ư) 뵿 71 ұϰ ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 ǽϵ ִ.
1. ں․ ۾ȯ ش ϴ (Ģ ǥ 12 ʼ Ұ ڿ Ͽ Ѵ)
2. <>
3. ․Ͻþ δ 忡 Ȱ ǽð ƴٰ Ǵ 뵿 û ִ μ ʷ 뵿 ̸
4. ְ ․ Ƿ ̿ 뵿 忡 Ű
5. <>
13ȣ․4ȣ ܿ ϴ ش ʷ 뵿 忡 ・Ͽ Ѵ.
10( ü ) 뵿 ü 쿡 10 ̳ ü ϴ 뵿 忡 뺸Ͽ Ѵ.
뵿 ü ϴ ۾ ڰ ߰ Ǵ Ǵ ü․ ϴ ․Ͽ Ѵ.
2 ɿ ƴ ü ߰ Ǵ ڿ ǽ .
2
11( ó) 뵿 Ͽ Ǵ 쿡 632, 326 Ģ 1432 .
1 ó 뵿 óг ش ٸ 뵿 忡Ե 뺸Ͽ ġ ֵ Ͽ Ѵ.
12(ó ) 뵿 Ͽ ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 10 ̳ 2ȣĿ 뵿 Ͽ Ѵ.
1.
2. Ͽ Ǵ ó
3. Ǵ
4. , η, Ǵ ִ
13( ) ʷ 뵿 Ͽ Ģ ǥ12 η, ü ǰ ۾ȯ ¸ ų 1 ߿ Ͽ ȿ ̷ ֵ ․Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, ٸ 뵿 ϴ 쿡 뵿 忡 Ƿ ִ.
뵿 ʿϴٰ 쿡 1 ܿ ǽ ִ.
3 ں ۾ȯ
14(ں․ ۾ȯ û ) Ģ 973 ں․ ۾ȯ( ̶ Ѵ) ڴ Ģ 5ȣ 纻 1ο ȹ 뵿 Ͽ ϸ, 뵿 ش 30 ̳ ̸ ɻϿ θ Ͽ Ѵ.
뵿 Ģ ǥ12 ٸ (1) (13) ʼ о(, , ī, , ũ ) μ о(, ũ , 翣 ̼ҽþƳƮ ) Ͽ ִ.
뵿 , , ö ڸ ٷ ϴ Ư Ͽ ۾ȯ ․ ִ ․ , ؼ 1 ؿѴ.
15( ) 뵿 14 ȫ․ ․ڱݺ Ǵ ھ˼․ Ȯ ʿ ִ.
11 ؿѴ.
4 ۾ȯ
1
16 <>
17( ȹ ۼ) Ģ 93311ȣ 縦 ǽϴ 쿡 ȣ Ե ȹ ۼϿ Ѵ.
1. ǰ ֿ
2. ش ۾, ȭй
3. , ֱ, ٷ Ȳ
4. ں ҿⰣ ʿ
ȸ ǽ μ 쿡 縸 ǽ ִ.
18(ð) 1 ۾ð 6ð ̻ ϰų ۾ð 6ð ̻ Ӻи ϵ, ȣ 쿡 ܷ ִ.
1. 1 ۾ð ð 6ð ̰ų, ұĢ۾ 6ð ۾ Ǵ ð 쿡 ð
2. ȭй ؿ ܽð (STEL) Ǿ ִ μ ܽð 쿡 1ȸ 15а, 1ð ̻ 4ȸ ̻ ܽð
3. ȭй ؿ ְ(Ceiling, C) Ǿ ִ Ͽ ⸦ ̿Ͽ ְ ּ ð ǽ . ٸ, 쿡 1ȸ 15а, 1ð ̻ 4ȸ ̻ ܽð ִ.
19(÷ä ٷڼ) ۾ҿ ְ ٷ 2 ̻ Ͽ ÿ ϵ, ۾ҿ ٷڰ 1 쿡 ƴϸ, ۾ٷڼ 10 ʰϴ 쿡 5 1(1 ) ̻ ߰Ͽ Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, ۾ٷڼ 100 ʰϴ 쿡 ÷ä ٷڼ 20 ִ.
Ģ 93313ȣ ÷ä ÷ ۾ҿ 2 ̻ Ͽ ÿ Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, ۾ ̰ 50 ̻ 쿡 30 1 ̻ ߰ Ͽ Ѵ.
20() ȭ , , , (fume), ̽Ʈ(mist) ǿ(ppm) Ǵ и(/) ǥѴ. ٸ, ǥô Ƽ (/) ǥѴ.
ǿ(ppm) и(/) ȣ ȯ 1 .
(<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" />1) (/) =
<>
ú[dB(A)] ǥѴ.
(翭 ) ․汸 µ(WBGT) Ͽ µ() ǥѴ.
2 ڻ
21() ڻ ȣ .
1. ä Ǵ ̿ ̻ м
2. ä , ũٶƮ, ƮƮ м ִ м . ٸ Ի꿰 ߷м Ѵ.
3. ä ϵ ȸ 쿡 ο äϰ ߷м б Ǵ ̿ м
4. , ڻ ä ߷м̳ ع м
5. ȣ ȣ иġ Ǵ ȣ ä ִ ⸦ ̿ ä
6. Լ Լ иġ Ǵ Լ ä ִ ⸦ ̿ ä
22() Ģ 93313ȣ ν÷ä ۾ȯ ϴ 쿡 ⸦ ۾ ٷ ȣ ġ Ͽ ϸ, ÷ä 쿡 ⸦ ġ Ǵ ۾ٷ ۾ൿ ۾ٷ ȣ ̿ ġϿ Ѵ.
3
23() ν÷ä Ǵ ̿ ̻ Ư ⸦ Ͽ, 21 ȣ ä ÷Ḧ ä м, ũθм Ǵ ̿ ̻ м м ϴ Ģ ϵ ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 ִ.
1.
2. ܿ ٸ
3. ϴ Ϲ [ٸ, Ģ 932 ۾ȯ ڰ ( ڰڡ Ѵ) ϴ 忡 Ѵ]
ڰڰ ش 忡 Ͽ ǽϴ ִ 2 1ȸ ̻ Ź ǷϿ 1 ǽϿ Ѵ.
ʰϴ Ÿ 쿡 1 Ͽ ϸ, ش 忡 Ͽ ġ Ϸ Ÿ .
24(ġ) ϴ 쿡 ش ۾ ȣ ġ Ǵ ٷ ۾ൿ ۾ ġ ٷ ȣ ̿ Ͽ Ѵ.
25(Ƚ) ϴ 쿡 1 ۾ð 1ð 6ȸ ̻ ϵ ð 2ȸ ̻ ݺ Ͽ հ Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, ð 6ð ̳ ۾ð 1ð Ͽ Ѵ.
4
26() Ģ ǥ 114 ȣ .
1. Ǵ ( 衱 Ѵ) ⷮ, Ǵ ̿ ̻ ִ ϵ ν÷ ä Ұ 쿡 ü踦 , ð . ٸ, 1 ̸ ϸ鼭 Ǵ ( ̶ Ѵ) ü Ǵ ̿ ̻ ִ 쿡 ƴ ִ.
2. ûȸδ AƯ
3. 1ȣ ܼ
. ħ (Slow) · Ѵ.
. ġ ʴ 쿡 ش ġ Ѵ.
4.ⷮ ϴ 쿡 Criteria 90dB, Exchange Rate 5dB, Threshold 80dB ⸦
5. 1 ̻ ϸ鼭 ִм 120dB(A)̻ 쿡 ؿ 1 Ƚ
27(ġ ) ۾ҿ 17 19 Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, 쿡 Ǵ ٷ ġ ̿ ǽϿ Ѵ.
28(ð Ƚ) ۾ҿ ġ 1 ۾ð 6ð ̻ ϰų ۾ð 1ð 6ȸ ̻ Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, Ư μ ġ ٰ ڰ Ǵ Ǵ 쿡 1ð 3ȸ ̻ ִ.
۾ҿ ð 6ð ̳ 쳪 ð 쿡 ð ϰų 4ȸ ̻ Ͽ Ѵ.
5
29 <>
30 <>
31() ȣ .
1. ۾ҿ Ǵ ٷ ۾ൿ ۾ ġ ٴ κ 50Ƽ ̻, 150Ƽ ġ
2. ð ǥ 1
ǥ 1п ð
|
|
|
µ
|
0.5 ִ ƽdzǽ, ڿµ ִ Ǵ ̿ ̻ ִ
|
ƽdzǽ: 25 ̻
ڿµ: 5 ̻
|
< >
|
< >
|
< >
|
汸
汸
µ
|
5Ƽ ̻Ǵ 汸µ Ǵ 汸µ(WBGT) ÿ ִ
|
15Ƽ 25 ̻
7.5Ƽ Ǵ 5Ƽ 5 ̻
|
3. 汸µ(WBGT) 2
( 2)
(¾籤 ش ):
WBGT() = 0.7 ڿµ 0.2 汸µ 0.1 DZµ
Ǵ (¾籤 ʴ ):
WBGT() = 0.7 ڿµ 0.3 汸µ
WBGTn: 汸µ ġ()
Tn: 汸µġ ð()
32 <>
6 ۾ȯ
33( м ) 21 231 392 ؿ ʰθ Ѵ.
34(ڻ ) 18 ڻ 8ð ۾ ճ Ѵ. ٸ, 6ð ̻ 쿡 ־ ƴ 2ð ڻ Ⱓ ϰ ų ڻ 쿡 6ð 8ð ð Ͽ 8ð ۾ ճ Ѵ.
181ȣ 1 ۾ð 6ð ̳ ڻ ð ðġ Ͽ Ⱓ ճ ϰ ̸ 8ð ð Ͽ 8ð ۾ ճ Ѵ.
1 ۾ð 8ð ʰϴ 쿡 4 Ѵ.
( 4)
ߵ :
(h: ð/)
ߵ :
(h: ۾ð/)
182ȣ ܽð Ͽ 쿡 ܽð ذ ִ.
35( ) 43 33 34 ؿѴ.
36( ) 281 1 ۾ð ϰų ۾ð 1ð 6ȸ ̻ 쿡 ̸ Ͽ 8ð ۾ ռ Ѵ(341 ܼ 쿡 ̸ ؿѴ). ٸ, 281 ܼ Ͽ 쿡 ̸ Ͽ 8ð ۾ ռ Ѵ.
282 쿡 ̸ Ͽ Ⱓ ռ ϰ ̸ 1 ð Ͽ Ѵ.
ü Ͽ 쿡 5 Ѵ.
( 5)
leq[dB(A)]=16.61log
LA: ġ[dB(A)]
n: ġ ð()
۾ҿ ұĢ ϴ ⷮ Ͽ ⷮ Ǿ 쿡 ǥ 1 ̿Ͽ ð ȯϿ Ѵ. ٸ, ⷮ ⷮ ġ ǥ 1 ־ ۰ų ũ ðռ 6 ִ.
( 6) TWA = 16.61 log + 90
TWA: ðռ[dB(A)]
D: ⷮ(%)
37( ) 36 ̸ ؿѴ.
38( ġ) ִ 33 37 Ͽ ǥ 2 ϴ ٿ ġ Ͽ Ѵ.
ǥ 2 ؾ ġ
ִ ٷڴǥ 䱸 ִ 쿡 ü, ȹ ϰų Ȯ ٷڴǥ Ѿ Ѵ.
39(۾ȯ ) Ź 424 ۾ȯ ǽϿ 쿡 Ϸ 30 ̳ Ģ 21ȣ ۾ȯǥ 2θ ۼϿ 1δ Ź ϰ 1δ ֿ ۺϿ Ѵ.
Ģ 942 ̶ ѱǰ( ܡ̶ Ѵ) 뵿 ϴ α ϸ, α ۾ȯ ԷϿ ܿ ۺν 뵿 忡 .
2 Ź ۺ ۾ȯ ϰ ・ϿѴ.
Ģ 941 2 ܼ ÷ä븦 ģ 30 ̳ ϴ Ǵ ȣ Ե ۼϿ 뵿 忡 ϸ 30 Ⱓ ִ.
1. , ȭȣ
2. ۾ȯ Ͻ ۾ȯ ڸ
3. , ȭȣ 尳
4.
5. û()
6. ִ ÷μ
40(۾ȯ ˸ ) ִ 421 ۾ȯ ȣ ϳ ش ٷڿ ˷ ϸ, 112 ٷڴǥ ۾ȯ ûϴ 쿡 Ͽ Ѵ.
1. Խǿ ϴ
2. 纸 ϴ
3. üȸ ձ
4. ش ٷڵ ۾ȯ ִ
ִ 425 ȸ Ǵ ٷڴǥ ۾ȯ ȸ ָ 䱸 쿡 κ 뺸 κ 10 ̳ ȸ ǽϿ Ѵ.
ִ ش ٷڿ ǰ Ưǰܱ ۾ȯ û ̿ Ͽ Ѵ.
41(۾ȯ ) 뵿 39 ְ 쿡 輭 ܿ ̼Ͽ 並 Ƿ ִ.
1 並 Ƿڹ ü ̼۵ ȣ ǰ ÷Ͽ ش 뵿 忡 뺸Ͽ Ѵ.
1. Ȯ
2. ǽ
3.
4. ǰ
5. ۿ Ͽ ش 忡 Ͽ ʿ ġ
42(뵿 ġ) 뵿 39 41 ۾ȯ 伭 Ǵ 뺸 쿡 ̸ Ȯϰ ʿϴٰ ϸ ش ϰų ġ Ͽ Ѵ.
422( ) 뵿 392, 31 Ģ 814 ó ٰŷ ϰ ϴ 쿡 ǥ 2 м .
5
43(۾ȯǽ ) <>
뵿 ƯⰣ Ǵ ǽõǴ ϱ Ͽ ʿϴٰ ϸ ַ Ͽ ǽ ñ⸦ ϵ Ͽ Ѵ.
6 ۾ȯȽ
44 <>
45(Ƚ ) Ģ 9341 ȣ 2 ܼ ߾ϼ̶ ȣ ϳ Ѵ.
1. 30 㰡ع 13
2. DZĢ ǥ 1 ߾ϼ ǥù 9
46 <>
47 <>
472 <>
3 ۾ȯ
1 ․
48() 3 , ں ۾ȯ( ̶ Ѵ) Ѵ. ٸ, ϴ ․ü 忡 ؼ ִ.
49(ǽñ) 忡 ǽñ( ǽñ̶ Ѵ) ǿ( ̶ Ѵ) Ѵ.
ǽñ ΰȹ Ͽ ǽϰ İ Ͽ Ѵ.
ǽñ Ͽ ŷ ִ ⱸ Ͽ Ѵ.
50(ǽñ ) ǽñ ȣ Ѵ.
1. ȹ
2. м ǥȭ
3.
4. ÷ й
5. ÷м
6. мɷ
7. мڷ 뺸
8. ÷ ȯ м
9. ȹ ʿ ۼ
10.
11. ʿ
51(ȸ ) ǽñ ȿ Ͽ ȸ( ȸ Ѵ) ․Ͽ Ѵ.
ȸ Ͽ 10 ̳ Ѵ.
ȸ Ѵ.
ϵ, ѱȸ õϴ 3 ̻ ǵ Ͽ Ѵ.
52(ȸ ) ȸ ȣ ․Ѵ.
1. ǥؽ÷
2. ǥؽ÷
3. ó
4. ʿ
5. ʿ ÷м
6. 66 ϴ
7. ۿ ʿ
53(ȸ ȸǰ) ȸ ȸǸ 1ȸ ̻ Ͽ ϸ, ʿϴٰ ϸ ӽȸǸ ÷ ִ.
54( ǹȸ ) ǽñ ѱȸ õϴ 3 ̻ 5 Ϸ Ǵ ǹȸ( ǹȸ Ѵ) ξ Ѵ.
55(ǹȸ ) ǹȸ ȣ Ѵ.
1.
2. ؽ÷
3. м÷ῡ
4.
5. ȸ
6. ν ʿ
2 ǽ
56 <>
57(ǽýñ ) ȣ Ѵ.
1. ϳ شϴ ǽϴ Ѵ.
. Ͽ 3⸶ ǽϴ
. ó ۾ȯ ް ϴ ǽϴ
2. ӽ 3 ȣ ϳ شϴ ǽϴ Ѵ.
3. 6031 Ĵܿ ȿⰣ 쿡 ǽϴ Ѵ.
4. ü ϱ Ͽ 642 ǽϴ Ѵ.
ǽñ Ͽ 3⸶ 1ȸ ̻ ǽϵ, νǽðȹ ǹȸ ϴ ٿ .
ǽñ ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 ӽ ǽ ִ.
1. ν ο ߱
2. ۿ ȸ ӽ ʿϴٰ
3 ӽ ǽ ǽðȹ ش 뺸Ͽ Ѵ.
․ӽ 6 ̳ ش ٽ ƾ Ѵ. ٸ, 11ȣ 쿡 ƴϴ.
ó ۾ȯ 582ȣ Ĵܿ 뺸 ǽϴ ƾ Ѵ.
572 <>
58() ȣ .
1. 63 ջϿ 100 ȯ 75 ̻ 쿡 Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, ü 쿡 Ѵ.
2. ó ۾ȯ ؼ ǽñ ϴ ش ջϰ 100 ȯϿ 1ȣ ؿ Ѵ. ش ڷḦ 6 ̳ ǽñ Ͽ ƾ Ѵ.
59( ) ǽñ 10 ̳ ǽ 뵿 Ͽ Ѵ. ٸ, Ư ִ 쿡 ƴϴ.
60() 뵿 59 Ͽ ȣ ؿ Ͽ Ѵ.
1. ․ӽ 2ȸ հ
2. ۾ȯ ․ӽ 쿡 óϿ 1ȣ Ͽ
3. < >
< >
602( ) ǽð мڿ 5ȣ 6ȣ ۾ȯ ߱ϰ ̸ Ȩ ִ. ٸ, 63 üμ Ư о߿ 쿡 ؼ 5ȣ ۾ȯ ߱Ѵ.
603( ȿⰣ) ȿⰣ 3 Ѵ. ٸ, ȣ ϳ شϴ 쿡 ȿⰣ .
1. ̳ Ȯε м
2. мڰ м ʴ
1 Ĵܿ ȿⰣ 3 ̳ ٽ ƾ Ѵ. ٸ, 12ȣ мڸ äϴ ش м ȿⰣ ؼ ƴϴ.
2 Ĵ 쿡 ش ȿⰣ Ͽ Ѵ.
61(ǽðȹ ) ǽñ 30 Ȩ ǽðȹ ϰ ȳ Ͽ ǽðȹ ˷ Ѵ. ٸ, ӽ ǽϴ 쿡 ƴѴ.
62(û) ϰ ϴ 4ȣ û ȣ Ͽ ǽñ û Ͽ Ѵ.
1. η Ȳ( ִ )
2. <>
63( ) м․, üý, м мɷ, м غȲ Ѵ. ٸ, ü ش ۾忡 Ϻ ڸ 쿡 ش Ѵ.
642() ǽñ ǥؽ÷Ḧ ۺϿ м óϴ 1 1ȸ ̻ ǽ ִ. ǽñ ΰ ǥؽ÷ ó ִ.
65 <>
66(ν) ȸ , , ․ ǽÿ ʿ ν 뵿 Ǹ Ͽ Ѵ.
67( 3) ô¡Ʒ․ ߷ (Ʒ 248ȣ) ߷ 2014 12 31ϱ ̳ ǿ ȭ Ͽ Ǵ Ѵ.
Ģ(2011. 5. 6)
1() 2012 1 1Ϻ Ѵ.
2(ġ ) 2015 12 31ϱ ƾ Ѵ. ޱ ƾ ϸ ص .
ǽñ 1 ǽϴ ñ⸦ ִ.
ƾ Ѵ. ÷м Ͽ .
[ǥ 1] ⷮ(%) TWA ȭ(364 )
(%) TWA[dB(A)]
|
(%) TWA[dB(A)]
|
(%) TWA[dB(A)]
|
10 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 73.4
15 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 76.3
20 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 78.4
25 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 80.0
30 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 81.3
35 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 82.4
40 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 83.4
45 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 84.2
50 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 85.0
55 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 85.7
60 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 86.3
65 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 86.9
70 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 87.4
75 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 87.9
80 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.4
81 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.5
82 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.6
83 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.7
84 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.7
85 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.8
86 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 88.9
87 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.0
88 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.1
89 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.2
90 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.2
91 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.3
92 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.4
93 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.5
94 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.6
95 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.6
96 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.7
97 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.8
98 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.9
99 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 89.9
100 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.0
101 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.1
102 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.1
103 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.2
104 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.3
105 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.4
106 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.4
107 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.5
108 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.6
109 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.6
110 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.7
111 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.8
112 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.8
113 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.9
114 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 90.9
115 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.0
116 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.1
|
117 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.1
118 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.2
119 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.3
120 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.3
125 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.6
130 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 91.9
135 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 92.2
140 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 92.4
145 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 92.7
150 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 92.9
155 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 93.2
160 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 93.4
165 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 93.6
170 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 93.8
175 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 94.0
180 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 94.2
185 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 94.4
190 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 94.6
195 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 94.8
200 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 95.0
210 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 95.4
220 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 95.7
230 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 96.0
240 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 96.3
250 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 96.6
260 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 96.9
270 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 97.2
280 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 97.4
290 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 97.7
300 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 97.9
310 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 98.2
320 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 98.4
330 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 98.6
340 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 98.8
350 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 99.0
360 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 99.2
370 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 99.4
380 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 99.6
390 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ 99.8
400 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.0
410 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.2
420 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.4
430 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.5
440 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.7
450 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․100.8
460 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.0
470 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.2
480 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.3
490 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.5
500 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.6
510 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.8
|
520 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․101.9
530 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.0
540 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.2
550 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.3
560 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.4
570 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.6
580 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.7
590 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.8
600 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․102.9
610 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.0
620 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.2
630 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.3
640 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.4
650 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.5
660 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.6
670 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.7
680 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.8
690 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․103.9
700 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.0
710 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.1
720 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.2
730 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.3
740 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.4
750 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.5
760 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.6
770 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.7
780 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.8
790 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104.9
800 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.0
810 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.1
820 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.2
830 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.3
840 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.4
850 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.4
860 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.5
870 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.6
880 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.7
890 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.8
900 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.8
910 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․105.9
920 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.0
930 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.1
940 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.2
950 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.2
960 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.3
970 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.4
980 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.5
990 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.5
999 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․106.6
|
[ǥ 2] м (422 )
1 Ģ
1.
ǹ 392( ؼ) ǽԿ ־ м Ȯ ϼ ϱ Ͽ ʿ ݻ Ѵ.
2.
뵿 ǹ 392( ؼ) ۾ Ϸ ǰ ִ ȮϿ ó ٰŷ ϰ Ѵ.
3. Ϲݻ
. Ģ, Ϲ, м , ȴ.
. , ڽ ȭи Ư ( )ȿ Ѵ.
. Ѱ, Żȿ, ȸ ǥô شǴ ǿ ִ ϵ ̹Ƿ м ִ.
. ؿ ϴ ġ ѱǥ KS A 3251-1( ؼ -1: ) .
. ؿ ؼ Ϲ ȭ Ŀ , ۿ ʴ Ϻθ Ǵ ִ.
. ؿ ݵ ְ е Ȯ ´ٰ , ̶ ̻ е Ȯ м ִ.
2 Ϲ
1 ȭн Ϲݻ
1.
м Ϲȭкм Ѵ.
2. ڷ
ڷ ȭп(IUPAC) ڷ ǥ , ڷ Ҽ °ڸ ݿøϿ °ڸ ǥѴ.
3. ȣ
ֿ ȣ Ʒ <ǥ 1> , ǥõǾ KS A ISO 1000((SI) ) .
<ǥ 1> SI ȣ
|
|
ȣ
|
|
|
ȣ
|
|
Ƽ
и
ũι(ũ)
(иũ)
|
m
()
nm(m)
|
|
븣
/
и/
ۼƮ
|
M
N
g/L
/L
%
|
з
|
ֹи
ֹи
|
atm
Hg
H2O
|
|
Ƽ
и
|
|
|
Ƽ
и
|
|
|
ųα
и
ũα
|
g
g
ng
|
뷮
|
и
ũθ
|
L
mL
L
|
|
|
|
4. µ ǥ
. µ ǥô ÿ콺(Celcius) ƶ ʿ ɸ δ. µ K ǥϰ µ 0 K -273 ɷ Ѵ.
. 1525 , ǿ 135 , ̿ 3040 ɷ ϰ, 015 Ѵ.
. ü(Ҳ) 15 , ¼() 6070 , () 100 ɸ Ѵ.
5. ǥ
. ߷ ǥ % ȣ Ѵ.
. ü, Ǵ ü (g) ǥ %(W/V) ȣ Ѵ.
. ü, Ǵ ü п뷮 ǥ %(V/V) ȣ Ѵ.
. 鸸(Parts Per Million) ǥ ppm ϸ ǥð , ü 쿡 뷮 뷮(V/V) ü 쿡 ߷ ߷(W/W) ǹѴ.
. 10(Parts per Billion) ǥ ppb ϸ ǥð , ü 쿡 뷮 뷮(V/V) ü 쿡 ߷ ߷(W/W) ǹѴ.
. mg/ ǥ 25 , 1 Ѵ.
6. ʼ()
․м ϴ ʼ Ǵ ̿±ȯ Ż() Ѵ.
7. þ, ǥع
. м ϴ þ Ư Ǵ 1 ̻̰ų ̿ Ͽ Ѵ. , ܼ , , Ȳ ǥϿ Ʒ <ǥ 2> ̻ Ѵ.
<ǥ 2> þ
|
ȭн
|
(%)
|
()
|
Ȳ
Ʈ
ȭ
ȭ
ȭ
ȭ
|
HC1
HNO3
H2SO4
CH3COOH
H3PO4
NH4OH
H2O2
HF
HI
HBr
HCIO4
|
35.037.0
60.062.0
95% ̻
99.0% ̻
85.0% ̻
28.030.0(NH3μ)
30.035.0
46.048.0
55.058.0
47.049.0
60.062.0
|
1.18
1.38
1.84
1.05
1.69
0.90
1.11
1.14
1.70
1.48
1.54
|
. м Ǵ ǥǰ Ģ Ưþ Ѵ.
. , ȭм, ũθǹ, ɾüũθǹ Ǵ þ ؾ ϰ, Ҽ м ĥ ̸ Ͽ Ѵ.
. м ϴ þ KS M 0015(ȭ м þ ) þ Ѵ.
. ÷ , ǥؾ Ϸ Ͻ ϴ þ Ǵ þ Ʈ(Lot) Ѵ.
8. ⱸ
. ϴ ⱸ KS L 2302(ȭп ⱸ ġ) Ǵ ̿ ̻ ݿ Ǵ ϴ ؾ Ѵ.
. öũ, , ䷿, Ǹ, Ŀ ȭкм ⱸ Ѵ.
. ⱸ Ѵ١ ǥ KS M 7602(Ÿ(ȭ м)) Ÿ 5 Ǵ ̿ Ͽ Ѵ.
9.
. Ǵ 迡 , Ǵ ϱ Ͽ ־δ 迡 ʵ Ѵ.
. () Ǵ ϴ ȿ ̹(ڪ) ų 빰 սǵ ʵ ȣϴ ⸦ Ѵ.
. п(Ѧ) ϰų ϴ ȿ ܺηκ Ǵ ٸ ü ħ ʵ 빰 ȣϴ ⸦ Ѵ.
. к() Ǵ ϴ ȿ ü Ǵ ̻ ħ ʵ 빰 ȣϴ ⸦ Ѵ.
. () ʴ Ǵ ʵ μ Ǵ ϴ ȿ 빰 ȭ ȭ ִ ⸦ Ѵ.
10. м
ؿ ϴ м μ Ҽ ټ°ڸ ̻ Ÿ ִ Ͽ Ѵ.
11. ó
. (Hot plate)
ؿ ϴ μ 200 ̻ ִ Ͽ Ѵ.
. ũο̺(Microwave) ȸȭ
µ з ϵ Ǿ ϸ, (vessel) 꼺(ұ߫) Ѵ.
12.
. Ѵ Ǵ Ѵ١ µ 1ð Ǵ g 0.3 Ѵ.
. á 30 ̳ ǥõ ϴ Ѵ.
. Ǵ ̶ 15 Hg ϸ Ѵ.
. ̻ ʰ ϡ ̸̶ Ͽ ()ڰ ̳ (ߩ) Ǵ () ڸ ϸ, ̸ Ǵ ʰ Ǵ ڸ ʴ´. ab ǥ a ̻ b ϸ Ѵ.
. () Ͽ Ѵ١ ÷ῡ ó , ÷Ḧ ʰ ġ Ѵ.
. ߷ Ȯϰ ܴ١ õ ġ ߷ ڸ ܴٴ Ѵ.
. ࡱ̶ Ǵ ǿ Ͽ 10% ̻ ƴ Ѵ.
. Ѱ衱 мⰡ ִ Ѵ.
. Ѱ衱 мⰡ ִ Ѵ.
. ȸ̶ ä м Ǵ Ѵ.
ī. Żȿ̶ м Ǵ Ѵ.
13. ǥ
. ǥô ǹ ǥϿ Ѵ.
. 輺ġ ȿ Ͽ KS A 3251-1( ؼ -1: ) Ѵ.
2 ÷ä м
1. ֊
. ÷ä ÿ Ǵ , , ÷ä ð Ͽ Ѵ.
. ð ϱ ؼ ۾ð ּ 6ð ̻ ÷Ḧ äؾ ϰ, ܽð Ǵ ְ ϱ ؼ 1015 ÷Ḧ äؾ Ѵ.
. ÷ä Ű ֿ ÷ä ѷ Ȯ ʾƼ Ǵ 찡 . ÷ä ϰ ִ ̳ ؾ Ѵ.
2. ˷ ۼ ǥؿ
. ǥؿ (þ) Ư(ڷ, , (Է), ) ľѴ.
. ǥؿ ä ÷ (0.12 ) ϴ .
. ǥؿ ǥؿ ܰ Ű İ ǥؿ ٿ鼭 ִ. ݸ ɼ ְ, Ŀ ִ ִ.
. ǥؿ ּ 5 ̻ , ̶ мϰ ϴ ÷ ݵ ԵǾ Ѵ.
. , , ȿⰣ ݵ ȮεǾ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ, Żȿ Ǵ ȸ Ǵ þ Ʈ(Lot)ȣ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. ǥع
. ǥع ÷ä м Į Լս, ¡ս, Ǵ ÷ м ϱ ÷ ó ȭй Ѵ.
. ǥع ϴ ÷, ÷, ÷ῡ ǥع м Ѱ踦 å ٽ м ǽϿ Ѵ.
. ǥع Ǵ Ư ־ Ѵ.
1) ӹð м ʹ ָ ʾƾ Ѵ.
2) ũ ų м ũ ø ʾƾ Ѵ.
3) ǥع м 纸 ʹ ų ʾƾ Ѵ.
. ǥع Ż ǥؿ ŷ Ǵ ̸ ǥؿ ſ Żŷ ϴ .
4. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷ ۾忡 Ǵ (0.52) Ѵ. ̷ , þ м Ż ſ ŻǴ ľϿ ϴµ , .
. Żȿ ÷ Ѵ. ۾ ϵ Ǵ (/m3) ä뷮(L) ÷ Ѵ. ۾ ÷ ذ ä뷮 20 L(Ǵ 10 L) Ѵ.
. Ǵ 3 (0.52) ÷ Ѵ. غ ּ 3 ̻ ݺ ÷÷Ḧ Ͽ м Żȿ ϵ Ѵ.
1) Żȿ Ʃ Ѵ.
2) ÷ شϴ м (Ǵ ) ũνǸ ̿Ͽ Ȯ Ʃ Ѵ.
3) Ʃ긦 Ϸ ¿ Ƶд.
4) Ż м м/÷μ Żȿ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ּ 75% ̻ Ǿ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ̰ Ͽ ã ϰ ٽ ǽؾѴ.
5. ȸ ÷
ȸ ÷ ۾ (0.5 2) Ѵ. ̷ , þ м ó ߿ ȸǴ ľϿ ϴµ , .
. ȸ ÷ Ѵ. ۾ ϵ Ǵ (/m3) ä뷮(L) ÷ Ѵ. ۾ ÷ ذ ä뷮 400 L(Ǵ 200 L) Ѵ.
. Ǵ 3 (0.52) ÷ Ѵ. غ ּ 3 ̻ ݺ ÷÷Ḧ Ͽ м ȸ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 īƮ Ų īƮ ¿ ÷ شϴ м (Ǵ ) ũνǸ ̿Ͽ Ѵ.
2) Ϸ ¿ Ƶд.
3) ÷Ḧ ó мϿ м/÷μ ȸ Ѵ.
. ȸ ּ 75% ̻ Ǿ Ѵ.
. ȸ ̰ Ͽ ã ϰ ٽ ǽؾѴ.
3 м
1. ũθ
.
ũθǴ ü÷ Ǵ ȭ ü ü÷Ḧ ݰ ÷(Ǵ и)θ ̵Ű鼭 ÷ и․ ϴ мμ ֹȭչ м Ѵ.
. ֿ
ũθǴ Ժ(injector), ÷(column) (detector) 3 ֿҷ Ǿ , ̵ ݰ ִ ġ(డ Ǵ ) ȣ ó ִ óý ־ Ѵ.
1) Ժ
) ÷Ժδ ź Ǹ ݸ ִ ÷ȭǷμ ÷µ ϰų Ǵ ̻ µ ִ ⱸ ߾ ϰ, ̵ µ ִ ⱸ ̸ ִ ⱸ ߾ Ѵ.
) Ժδ ÷(packed column) Ǵ ijʷ÷(capillary column) ̾ ϰ, ̷ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ ÷Ḧ ϰų Ǵ ڵġ ̿Ͽ ÷Ḧ ־ Ѵ.
2) ÷
) ÷ м ʿ ÷ ִ ũ̾ Ѵ. ÷ µ ִ ⱸ ̸ ִ ⱸ ߾ Ѵ.
) üµ ϰ ǰ ð żϿ Ѵ. µ µ е 0.5 ̳, к 10% Ͽ µȭ 0.5 ̳̾ Ѵ.
) ÷ ijʷ÷ Ϲ Ư ϸ ǥ .
|
÷
|
ijʷ÷
|
(m)
|
1 5
|
5 100
|
(mm)
|
2 4
|
0.1 0.8
|
÷ ֿ
|
, η ƿ
|
fused silica
|
ݱü(mL/min)
|
10 100
|
0.5 10
|
ݱüз(psig)
|
10 40
|
3 40
|
̷дܼ(ܼ/m)
|
2,000 3,000
|
5,000 ̻
|
̷дܼ
|
5,000(2 m )
|
150,000(50 m )
|
ũ п(ug)
|
10
|
0.05 ̸
|
ʸβ()
|
1 10
|
0.1 2
|
) ֱٿ ijʷ÷ ֿ Ǹ, ȸ纰 پϴ. ǥ ijʷ÷ ǥ ݰ Ư ̴.
и (mm)
|
÷ (ng)
|
ȿ(̷дܼ/m)
|
(mL/min)
|
0.20
|
5 30
|
5,000
|
0.4
|
0.25
|
50 100
|
4,170
|
0.6
|
0.32
|
400 500
|
3,330
|
1.0
|
0.53
|
1,000 2,000
|
1,670
|
2.8
|
0.75
|
10,000 15,000
|
1,170
|
5.6
|
3)
) µ ִ ⱸ ̸ ִ ⱸ ߾ Ѵ.
) ־ ϸ, ÷ῡ Ͽ ؾ ϰ, 400 ɱ ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
) ÷ ȭ ݱü ٸ ŸǷ ÿ ؾ ϰ, ⸦ ϸ ϵǹǷ ſ İų Ͽ ε巯 ۾ ִ ֵ ؾ Ѵ.
) ϳ Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ۵ и и η Ұ ȥյǰ ȥյ ü Ⱑ ϰ ִ (jet) 2,100 Ҳɾȿ Ұ Ǹ鼭 ̿ȭ ̷ ̴. ̿ ִ ؿ ȯǴµ, ̴ ϸ ̿ ϰ Ǹ Ư¡ ִ.
- Ǵ ٸ 밳 Ҵ 30 40 mL/, 200 500 mL/ ̴. ̷ ޱü ġǷ ݵ 簡 ǰ ߾ Ѵ.
- FID źҼ Ͽ ̴µ, Ϲ ȭչ 10 100 pg̸, 1 x 107 ̴.
- FID ʴ ȭме H2O, CO2, CO, N2, NH4, O2, SO2, SiO4 ̴.
- FID Ҳ ϹǷ µ ʹ 쿡 ⳻ο Ǿ Ⱑ νĵ ɼ Ƿ 80 100 ̻ µ ʿ䰡 ִ.
) ϳ ȹ(ECD) ۵ ÷ ݰ ⼱ ϴ ⸦ ⼱ ݰ( Ҹ ) ڷκ ڸ ϰ 帣 ϴ ̴. ݱü Բ ̼۵Ǵ ÷Ἲ ȭչ ݱü ڿ ϱ κ ȭչ Ͽ ϰ ȴ.
- ECD ҷΰ, ȭ, , Ʈα ū ۿ Ͽ ϰ Ѵ.
- ƹ, ݷ, źȭҿ ȭչ ʴ´.
- Ҹ θ ǰ, ECD ȭչ İ ʴ´ٴ ִ.
- Ѱ 50 pg ̰, 1 x 107 .
) ϳ Ҳɱڰ(FPD) ۵ ÷ᰡ ο Ҳ ϴ ȭչ · ߰ ǰ, ٽ ٴڻ· ƿ Ư Ҳ ߱ ̿ ̴. ǰ Ǹ Ϳ Ȳ ȭչ ſ ü ȴ.
) ̻ ̿ܿ, ΰ(NPD), (TCD), ̿ȭ(PID) ִ.
4) ݱü
ݱü ̳ ÷ῡ Ͽ Ȱ̰ ϴ ۵ ϰ 99.99% ̻̾ Ѵ. Ϲ ̴ ݱü Ư¡ .
|
ݱü
|
Ư ¡
|
FID
|
|
|
,
|
밡
|
ECD
|
|
|
˰/ź
|
÷
|
FPD
|
|
|
. ۹
1) ġ
) ġҴ , м Ǵ ع ϰ óϰ , νİ 85% 籤 ʴ ϴ.
) ¿뷮 ļ̾ ϰ, 10%̳μ ļ Ѵ.
) б, ο κ ڱ ʾƾ ϰ, 10 ̾ Ѵ.
2) ġ ġ
) ġ ġϰ , Ȯؾ Ѵ. ġ ϴ Ѿ ʵ ؾ Ѵ.
) м Į Ͽ õ Į ġ ݱü з з ̻ ÷ ο Ͼ θ ̿Ͽ Ѵ.
3) м
) м ȸ ǰ Ͽ ϰ ȭŲ.
) мý (base line) ¸ ȮѴ.
) ÷Ḧ Ͽ мϰ ϴ ٸ и Ͼ θ Ȯ ÷м ǽѴ.
. м
1) м Ͽ ǥع ũ ӹð(retention time) ӹð Ͽ ǽѴ. Ϲ 530 ϴ ũ ӹð ݺ 3% ̳ Ѵ.
2) м м Ͽ ũθ , ÷м , ũ Ǵ , ȸ(Żȿ) Ͽ мѴ.
3) Ѱ м Ѱ м Ѱ еǸ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϰ, м Ѱ ۾ȯ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϸ, ϴ .
- Ѱ: м ſ ̸ Ͽ 鼭 мⰡ ϴ Ȯ , 7ȸ ݺ мϿ ݺ κ ǥ Ѱ Ѱ踦 Ѵ.
•Ѱ: 3.143 x ǥ
•Ѱ: Ѱ x 4
- м Ѱ: мⰡ ִ м ÷äⱸ Խ Ų , ÷ ó Ż, ̸ 7ȸ ݺ мϿ Ѱ Ѱ Ѵ.
2.
.
м Ұ Ե ÷Ḧ Ҳ̳ ٴڻ ڷ ظŰ, Ư Ű ٴڻ м ڰ Ͽ ڷ Ǵµ, ϴ ⸦ ϴ мμ ݼ ߱ݼ м Ѵ.
. ֿ
, ȭġ, ܻȭġ, ֿ ҷ Ǿ ־ Ѵ.
1)
) мϰ ϴ ݼ 缱 Ͽ ϸ, ַ Ӻط ȴ.
) ʿ ̻ ָ ߱ о ϰ ˷ Ƿ Ӻط ϴ õġ Ϸ ϴ ٶϴ.
) ϰ ְ Ǵ ϰ ־ Ѵ.
2) ȭ ġ
ȭ ġ Ҳɿȭġ Ҳɿȭġ зȴ. Ҳɿȭ Ḧ ȥϿ Ҳɿµ ȭ ⸦ Ͽ ȭŰ е ȿ ٴ ִ κ ݼӹ мϴµ θ ȴ. Ҳɿȭ ·ι(graphite furnace) ȭ , ·ι ̷ ü÷ ݼӼ мϴµ ַ ǰ , ȭ ȭ Ͽ мϰ ϴ Ҹ ÷κ ȭ мϴ ̷м ϹǷ ̳ м ȴ.
÷ м θ Ǵ Ҳɿȭ ġ ȭ ܰ ܰ迡 ؾ .
) м ǥؿװ ÷ й ؾ Ѵ. ̸ ǥؿ̳ ÷ , Ư ǥ° Ƿ Ǵ ϰ Ǿ Ѵ.
) Ҳɼ ϴ ũⰡ ̼ϰ Ҽ ȭ Ͼ ȴ.
) ᰡ ȭ ڿ ȥյǴĿ м . õ ¾ƾ ϰ, Ǿ ʷ ϸ, йġ ؾ Ѵ.
) Ҳ ᰡ տ -, - , Ƽƿ-, Ƽƿ-ƻȭ ִ. ۾ȯо м θ Ǵ Ƽƿ- Ƽƿ-ƻȭҷμ м ݼӿ ̸ Ͽ ؾ Ѵ.
3) ܻȭ ġ
ܻȭ ġ , ſ, ȸ߷ ġ Ի ߿ ϴ Ǹ, м ݼӿ ٲپ ϴ м Ѵ. ̶ ϴ м и ִ ǵ а ϴ .
4)
δ ܻȭġ ⸦ ȣ Ų ȣ ǵġ Ǵ ǥѴ. Ϲ ġ Ǵ ̴.
. ۹
1) ġ
) ġҴ , м Ǵ ع ϰ óϰ , νİ 85% 籤 ʴ ϴ.
) ¿뷮 ļ̾ ϰ, 10%̳μ ļ Ѵ.
) б, ο κ ڱ ʾƾ ϰ, 10 ̾ Ѵ.
2) ġ ġ
ġ ġϰ , Ȯؾ Ѵ. ġ ϴ Ѿ ʵ ؾ Ѵ.
3) м
) м ȸ ǰ Ͽ ϰ ȭŲ.
- ȭ
• Ǵ 缱 ̿ ϰ ġ ؾ Ѵ. ⸶ ġ ϴ 簡 Ƿ ̰ ϸ鼭 Ͽ ִ Ÿ ȭ ġ Ѵ.
•ȸ簡 ۵ħ κ ݼӺ 2 ̻ ־ ִ. ̷ ߿ м мϴµ ϵ Ѵ.
- ȭ ġ ȭ
•йġ ÷ ȭ ū ġ ÷ ũ̴. Ե ÷ йġ ȿ 浹Ǿ лǾ Ѵ.
•÷Է ʹ , ʹ װ Ҳ Ҿ. Է д 25 mL̳ ⸶ ϴ ٶϴ.
•мǿ Ҳ (ȭ Ǵ ȯ) ̸ Ͽ ִ Ͼ ãƾ Ѵ.
) ȸ簡 شϴ ȮѴ. ÷Է, ġ, Ҳ , ϴ ֵ ؾ Ѵ. ȭ ¸ Ȯϴ ̴.
- ȸ簡 ۵ħ ݼӺ ǥؿ ϰ Ѵ.
- ռ ȭ ġ ʴ Ͽ Ÿ ¿ Ѵ.
- Ÿ ¿ Ȯ е ִ ȮѴ.
) ̷ ÷, ǥؿ ÷ м ǽѴ.
. м
1) м ־ ˷ ȣ Ÿ ο ־. ϴ Ÿ ǽϿ Ѵ.
2) м м Ͽ , ȸ Ͽ мѴ.
3) Ѱ м Ѱ м Ѱ еǸ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϰ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϸ, ϴ ũθǹ ϴ.
3. ɾüũθ
.
ɾüũθ(HPLC) ũθǸ ϱ ȭչ̳ Ҿ , ؼ ü̵ ȭ ̸ ̿Ͽ иϴ мμ, ˵, 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ м ۿѴ.
. ֿ
ɾüũθǴ , Żġ(degassor), , ÷Ա, Į, ֿ䱸Ҹ ȣ ó ִ óý ־ Ѵ.
1)
) Ÿ ϴ Ǵ ƿ ִ ϸ, ÷м ʾƾ Ѵ.
) Ŵ HPLC Ÿ ؾ ϰ, ʼ ŷ Ǵ 쿡 װ 18 M ̻ ؾ Ѵ.
) Ÿ ȥϿ ϴ ȥȭ 15̸̾ ϰ, ÷ ݵ (̵) ƾ ̵ 쿩 ȴ.
) Ŵ ϴ 忡 Ͼ ʾƾ Ѵ.
) HPLC ŷ Ǵ ֿ买 ȥȭ Ÿ ̴.
|
ȥȭ
|
|
ȥȭ
|
acetone
|
15
|
ethyl acetate
|
19
|
acetonitrile
|
11
|
ethyl ether
|
23
|
n-butyl acetate
|
22
|
heptane
|
29
|
n-butyl alcohol
|
15
|
hexane
|
29
|
chlorobenzene
|
21
|
iso-octane
|
29
|
chloroform
|
19
|
isobutyl alcohol
|
15
|
cyclohexane
|
28
|
isopropyl alcohol
|
15
|
dichloromethane
|
20
|
methanol
|
12
|
n,n-dimethyl foramide
|
12
|
methyl ethyl ketone
|
17
|
dimethylsulfoxide
|
9
|
tetrahydrofuran
|
17
|
1,4-dioxane
|
17
|
toluene
|
23
|
2) Żġ
̵ , , Ͽ Į ̵ ٿִ ġ̴. Żδ ̵ ſ Ͽ ϴ ¡(helium sparging), ̵ Ÿ ϱ ̿Ͽ Ű (vacuum filteration), ĸ ̿Ͽ ŻŰ (sonication) ִ.
3)
̵ Ǵ Ÿ κ ÷Ա⸦ Į о־ ⸦ Ͽ ̵ ſ ÷Ա⸦ Ե ÷ᰡ ֵ з ִ ġ, ̷ ⺻ ߾ .
) δ ſ ȭ Ѵ.
) ּ 500 psi п ߵ ־ ϰ, 0.1 - 10 mL/min ؾ Ѵ.
) Ӱ з ־ Ѵ.
) 븮 ؾ Ѵ.
4) ÷Ա
мϰ ϴ ÷Ḧ ̵ 帧 Ǿִ ġμ, ÷Կ 긦 ̿ϴ Ϲ ȴ. ÷Ա ÷Ա ڵ ÷ԱⰡ ִ.
5) Į
и Ͼ Ϲ η ƿ Ͽ ä ϴµ, мϰ ϴ ÷ Į Ͽ ִ.
Ϲ Ǵ Į 1030 cm, 4.6 mm, ũ 5 , ̷дܼ 40,00060,000 /m ̸, ̷ м Į ȣϱ Į(guard column) DZ Ѵ. Į 510 cm ̸ м Į Ű, ϴ Ѵ. Į м Į ϸ м Į մܿ ġѴ. Į 濡 ̵ Į 縶 ٸ Ϲ Ÿ ̴.
(mm)
|
(cm)
|
|
(5 um)
|
(3 um)
|
4.04.6
|
325
|
1.02.0
|
-
|
4.04.6
|
310
|
-
|
2.04.0
|
3.2
|
40
|
0.5
|
0.7
|
2.1
|
1530
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
1.0
|
310
|
0.05
|
0.07
|
6)
HPLC Ǵ δ ڿܼ-ñ(ultraviolet-visible detector), (refractive index detector), ȭа(electrochemical detector), (fluorescence detector), (electrical conductivity detector), м(mass spectrometer) , ÷ῡ ַ ϴ ڿܼ-ñ ̴.
) ڿܼ-ñ
HPLC ߿ Ǵ μ м ڿܼ-ñ ϴ ϴ ̴. Ư θ ÷ῡ Ǹ Ư ÷ῡ ȴ. ̷ ȣ Ÿ ȣ ũμ ÷ м ̷.
)
ڴ ܺηκ ϸ (exciting state) Ǿٰ ȭDZ ϸ鼭 (ground state) ư ִµ, ̷ ̳ Ǵ Ҹ Ų. ̷ ϴ ȭչ Ư ϴ μ ڿܼ-ñ 10100 ̻ .
. ۹
1) ġ
) ġҴ , м Ǵ ع ϰ óϰ , νİ 85% 籤 ʴ ϴ.
) ¿뷮 ļ̾ ϰ, 10%̳μ ļ Ѵ.
) б, ο κ ڱ ʾƾ ϰ, 10 ̾ Ѵ.
2) м
) м ȸ ǰ Ͽ ϰ ȭŲ.
) мý (base line) ¸ ȮѴ.
) ÷Ḧ Ͽ мϰ ϴ ٸ и Ͼ θ Ȯ ÷м ǽѴ.
. м
1) üý ۵ 12 mL/ Ų ̵ Ÿ 鼭 з ȣ ϰ ٸ , ȭ Ǹ м ǥؿ Ͽ ǥؿ ̸ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ.
2) ˷ ۼ ÷ Ͽ м ǽѴ.
3) Ѱ м Ѱ м Ѱ еǸ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ǹϰ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ǹϸ, ϴ ũθǹ ϴ.
4. б
.
Ϲ () ǥ鿡 ݻ, ǥ鿡 ݻ, Ǵ ϴ µ, Ǵ () ٸ. б ̿ ̿Ͽ 忡 ÷ Ͽ 忡 ϴ ϴ м̴. ϴ ַ ڿܼ(180320 nm)̳ ñ(320800 nm) ̴.
. ֿ
б , 弱ġ, ÷(ť Ȧ, cuvette holder), ñ Ǿ ִ.
1)
) ÷ ߿ ϴ ϴµ ʿ ־ Ѵ.
) κ б ñ м ֽ ϰ, ڿܼ м Ѵ.
2) 弱ġ
̳ ȸڿ ܻȭ ġ ־ ϴ ÷ῡ ֵ ؾ Ѵ.
3) ÷
÷ Ǵ 弱ġκ Ͽ ÷ᰡ Ǵ ҷ, ܺηκ ܵ ־ Ѵ.
) ̻ ť ǥȭ ť ؾ Ѵ. ǥȭ ť̶ 50% Ű Ͽ ť ̰ 1% Ѵ.
) ť ťȦ ġ ġѾ Ѵ.
) ť ְų , ִµ, ̵ ġ ɽ ϵ ؾ Ѵ.
4) ñ
÷ ȯϿ ÷ Ÿ ־ Ѵ.
. ۹
1) ġ
) ġҴ , м Ǵ ع ϰ óϰ , νİ 85% 籤 ʴ ϴ.
) ¿뷮 ļ̾ ϰ, 10%̳μ ļ Ѵ.
) б, ο κ ڱ ʾƾ ϰ, 10 ̾ Ѵ.
2) м
) м ȸ ǰ Ͽ ϰ ȭŲ.
) мý (base line) ¸ ȮѴ.
) ÷Ḧ Ͽ мϰ ϴ Ȯ ÷м ǽѴ.
. м
1) üý ۵ ȭ Ų , м ÷ ǥؿ Ѵ.
2) ÷Ḧ ÷(cuvette) ְ 100%ǰ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ʷ ÷ ְ ˷ ۼѴ.
4) ˷ ۼ ÷Ḧ ־ м ˷κ Ѵ.
5) Ѱ м Ѱ м Ѱ еǸ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϰ, м Ѱ ÷ ߿ Ե м ִ ּҷ ϸ, ϴ ũθǹ ϴ.
5. ̰
.
̰ ǥ ڸ ̿ ϴ ̼ ̸ ̷ ٲپ ̰ ǥ ڸ Ϻ Ƿϰ ֵ ȵ ̰ м̴. м Ѵ.
. ֿ
Köhler ִ ̸ Binocular Ÿ ̻ ̰ Ѵ.
1)
) ǥ ϰ ϱ 30W ̻ ҷΰշ Ѵ.
) (530 ) Ǵ Ͱ Ǿ ־ Ѵ.
2)
) ǥ ϱ 빰 ū Ѵ.
) þ 40 빰 ̹ øǴ ũ ִ Ѵ.
3) 繰
X, Y- ̵ · ̵ ǥ Ŭ ִ Ѵ.
4) 빰
) ̹ ԵǾ ִ Ȯ 40 빰 0.650.75 Ѵ.
5) ȷ
) Wide-eyefield Ǵ Huygenian Ÿ 10 ؾ Ѵ.
) Walton-Beckett Ƽŧ Ѵ.
6) Walton-Beckett Ƽŧ
) 400 þ Ƽŧ 1002 ؾ Ѵ.
) 3 5 ־ ũ⸦ ־ Ѵ.
) Ƽŧ ̸ ִ ִ 5, 10, 20 3:1 ° μǾ ִ Ƽŧ ؾ Ѵ.
. ۹
1) ġ
) ̰ ġҴ ٴ ϸ , ʴ ġϵ Ѵ.
) ̰ ű а迡 ʵ Ѽδ (Arm) Ѽδ ̰ ٴ ġ ű.
2) м
) ̰ ̹ Ͽ Köhler illumination Ͽ ϰ ȭŲ.
) HSE/NPL ͽƮ ̵带 ̿Ͽ ̰ ػ ȮѴ.
) ũι(stage micrometer, 0.01/div ̻) ̿Ͽ Walton-Beckett Ƽŧ Ͽ Ѵ.
. м
1) ̰ 5 ũ 3:1 ̻ Ѵ.
2) 1, 1/2 Ѵ.
3) ʰ ۿ ְų ϴ ʴ´.
4) ٹ߹ġ ѷ 1 ϰ, ѷϰ ̸ Ѵ.
5) 100 ּ 20 ̻ ϵ, 100 ʵ Ѵ.
3 м
1 ȭչ
1.
ǹ 392 ۾ [Pb, CAS No. 7439-92-1] ȭչ ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
( : 37 , : 0.8 , cellulose ester membrane) е(backup pad) 3 īƮ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (14 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (14 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ ÷ä Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä ä 2 ʰ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
ϰ ÷ä밡 Ǵ ÷ä м Ե Ǵ 찡 ִ.
֊
|
(L/)
|
(L)1)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
14
|
200
|
1500
|
1) ۾ 0.05 / ðճ
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ ÷ä к , ¿ ϸ, ¿ Ͽ ϴ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 ÷ä ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
3. м
. м
öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) Ѵ.
. ȸȭ
(Hot plate) Ǵ ũο̺(Microwave) ȸȭ⸦ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ
1,000 / ǥؿ Ǵ ̻ ǥؿ Ѵ.
. ó þ
1) ó
) ȸȭ : Ѱһ Ǻ 4:1 ȥϿ Ѵ.
) : ȸȭ 5% Ͽ Ѵ.
2) ũο̺ ȸȭ ó
) ȸȭ Ǵ ѿ Ѵ.
ĵ ؾ ϸ, Ǻ ϱ Ȱ, ȣ尩 ϰ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. ȸ ÷
1) ȸ ÷ Ѵ. ÷ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) ǥؿ ̿Ͽ ÷ ֵ 緮 ̷ֻ ÷ä ÿ ߸. ÷ ٸ ߷ ؿ 3 ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ ϰ, ٸ ؿ ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ Ѵ.
Ϲ , ߳, ؿ ÷ 3 ÷÷Ḧ ϱ 9 ȸ ÷÷ᰡ ȴ.
3) Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ Ŀ ű.
) Ŀ ȸȭ 5 ְ , ǿ¿ 30 Ƶд.
) Ŀ ű 120 ɿ ȸȭ 0.5 Ų.
) ȸȭ 2 ٽ ÷Ͽ Ų. Ŀ ȸȭ ݺѴ.
) Ŀ ȸȭ Ŀ θ ʼ ܿ Ŀ Ѵ. ϰ Ŀ ߽Ų.
) 23 Ŀ ٽ ؽŲ 10 뷮öũ ű 뷮 10 ǰ Ѵ.
뷮 ÷ Ͽ 20 Ǵ 25 ص ȴ.
2) ũο̺긦 ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ , ũο̺ (vessel) ű.
) 13 ְų Ǵ 13 1 ߰Ͽ ִ´.
) Ѳ ݰ ũο̺ ȸ Ų , ũο̺ ȸȭ (µ, з, ð ) Ͽ ȸȭѴ.
) ũο̺ ۵ ߸ ٸ , ĵ Ѳ ɽ .
) 1025 뷮öũ ű θ ʼ 뷮öũ ְ ʼ 뷮 1025 ǵ Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) м(ICP, AAS) Ͽ 5 ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ̶ ǥؿ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
̿ ó ÷ ǥؿ ϸ, ũο̺ ȸȭ⸦ ̿ ǥؿ ÷ ϰ Ѵ.
2) ˷ ۼ ǥؿ ÷ ÷Ḧ ̿Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ѹ ۼ ˷ 10 ÷Ḧ м , м Ȯϱ 1 ǥؿ ÷Ḧ мϿ ϵ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) м ȸ ÷Ḧ Ʒ ȸ Ѵ.
ȸ(RE, recovery) = ⷮ/÷
. м
1) öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) ⸦ ۵ ȭŲ 283.3 溸· ϵ Ѵ. ع 283.3 ̿ ٸ Ͽ мѴ.
۾ ߿ Į(calcium), Ȳ꿰(sulfate), λ꿰(phosphate), ȭ(iodide), ȭ(fluoride), Ǵ ƼƮ(acetate) ϴ ۾忡 ä ÷Ḧ AAS м м 溸(background correction) ǽϴ .
2) ǥؿ, ÷, ÷, ȸ ÷Ḧ Խ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.062 /÷(ICP) 2.6 /÷(AAS)̸, ÷äм 0.171(ICP м), 0.198(AAS м)̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ ȭչ Ѵ.
C, mg/m3
|
=
|
(Cs1)Vs2) - Cb3)Vb4))
|
V5) x RE6)
|
1) : ÷ῡ , /
2) : ÷ 뷮,
3) : ÷ῡ , /
4) : ÷ 뷮,
5) : ÷ ä ѷ, L
6) : ȸ
2 (ҿ뼺 ȭչ)
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ [Ni, CAS No. 7440-02-0](ҿ뼺 ȭչ) ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
|
|
ȭн
|
CAS No.
|
ź
|
Nickel carbonate
|
NiCO3
|
235-715-9
|
ȭ
|
Nickel hydroxide
|
Ni(OH)2
|
-
|
(II)ȭ
|
Nickel monoxide
|
NiO
|
-
|
Ȳȭ
|
Nickel sulphide
|
NiS
|
-
|
Ȳȭ
|
Nickel subsulphide
|
Ni3S2
|
12035-72-2
|
2. ֊
. ֊
( : 37 , : 0.8 , cellulose ester membrane) е(backup pad) 3 īƮ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (13 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (13 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ ÷ä Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä ä 2 ʰ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
ϰ ÷ä밡 Ǵ ÷ä м Ե Ǵ 찡 ִ. ̷ 찡 ʵ ÷Ḧ äϵ ؾ Ѵ.
֊
|
(L/)
|
(L)1)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
13
|
5
|
1000
|
1) ۾ 1 / ðճ
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ ÷ä к , ¿ ϸ, ¿ Ͽ ϴ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 ÷ä ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
3. м
. м
öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) Ѵ.
. ȸȭ
(Hot plate) Ǵ ũο̺(Microwave) ȸȭ⸦ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ
1,000 / ǥؿ Ǵ ̻ ǥؿ Ѵ.
. ó þ
1) ó
) ȸȭ : Ѱһ Ǻ 4:1 ȥϿ Ѵ.
) : ȸȭ 5% Ͽ Ѵ.
2) ũο̺ ȸȭ ó
) ȸȭ Ǵ ѿ Ѵ.
ĵ ؾ ϸ, Ǻ ϱ Ȱ, ȣ尩 ϰ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. ȸ ÷
1) ȸ ÷ Ѵ. ÷ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) ǥؿ ̿Ͽ ÷ ֵ 緮 ̷ֻ ÷ä ÿ ߸. ÷ ٸ ߷ ؿ 3 ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ ϰ, ٸ ؿ ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ Ѵ.
Ϲ , ߳, ؿ ÷ 3 ÷÷Ḧ ϱ 9 ȸ ÷÷ᰡ ȴ.
3) Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ Ŀ ű.
) Ŀ ȸȭ 5 ְ , ǿ¿ 30 Ƶд.
) Ŀ ű 120 ɿ ȸȭ 0.5 Ų.
) ȸȭ 2 ٽ ÷Ͽ Ų. Ŀ ȸȭ ݺѴ.
) Ŀ ȸȭ Ŀ θ ʼ ܿ Ŀ Ѵ. ϰ Ŀ ߽Ų.
) 23 Ŀ ٽ ؽŲ 10 뷮öũ ű 뷮 10 ǰ Ѵ.
뷮 ÷ Ͽ 20 Ǵ 25 ص ȴ.
2) ũο̺ ȸȭ⸦ ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ , ũο̺ (vessel) ű.
) 13 ְų Ǵ 13 1 ߰Ͽ ִ´.
) Ѳ ݰ ũο̺ ȸ Ų , ũο̺ ȸȭ (µ, з, ð ) Ͽ ȸȭѴ.
) ũο̺ ۵ ߸ ٸ , ĵ Ѳ ɽ .
) 1025 뷮öũ ű θ ʼ 뷮öũ ְ ʼ 뷮 1025 ǰ Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) м(ICP, AAS) Ͽ 5 ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ̶ ǥؿ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
̿ ó ÷ ǥؿ ϸ, ũο̺ ȸȭ⸦ ̿ ǥؿ ÷ ϰ Ѵ.
2) ˷ ۼ ǥؿ ÷ ÷Ḧ ̿Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ѹ ۼ ˷ 10 ÷Ḧ м , м Ȯϱ 1 ǥؿ ÷Ḧ мϿ ϵ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) м ȸ ÷Ḧ Ʒ ȸ Ѵ.
ȸ(RE, recovery) = ⷮ/÷
. м
1) öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) ⸦ ۵ ȭŲ 232.0 溸· ϵ Ѵ. ع 232.0 ̿ ٸ Ͽ мѴ.
2) ǥؿ, ÷, ÷, ȸ ÷Ḧ Խ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.020 /÷(ICP) 0.16 /÷(AAS)̸, ÷äм 0.116(ICP м), 0.120(AAS м)̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ (ҿ뼺 ȭչ) Ѵ.
C, /
|
=
|
(Cs1)Vs2) - Cb3)Vb4))
|
V5) x RE6)
|
1) : ÷ῡ , /
2) : ÷ 뷮,
3) : ÷ῡ , /
4) : ÷ 뷮,
5) : ÷ ä ѷ, L
6) : ȸ
3 ƿƹ̵
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ ƿƹ̵[NHCO(CH3)2, CAS No. 68-12-2] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
Ǹīְ(silica gel 150 /75 , Ǵ ̻ Ʃ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.011 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.011 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ǹīְ Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ǹīְ Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ǹīְ İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
Ǵ Ǹī ̴. ۾ ϰ ƿƹ̵ ִ.
֊
|
İ äⷮ1)
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.011
|
15
|
80
|
159
|
46.22
|
1) OSHA İ 5%(46.22 / 159 L ̻ 5%̻ İ).
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ǹīְ к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 25 ɿ 5̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ǹīְ ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
ƿƹ̵ м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м źð ƿƹ̵带 Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ǹīְ ÷ Ǹīְ 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ǹīְ Ǹīֿ Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ ƿƹ̵ Ǵ źÿ ƿƹ̵ Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ǹīְ Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ǹīְ Ǹī ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 ź ְ ´.
3) ļ ְ 1ð ̻ ó Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 ƿƹ̵带 źÿ ־ ȥսŲ ̸ ź÷ ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) м Żȿ ÷Ḧ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ ƿƹ̵ м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ ƿƹ̵ м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Capillary, 30 m x 0.32 ID: 0.5 film DB WAX
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 200
|
: 250
|
: 35 (3)150 (8 /)
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ ƿƹ̵忡 شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 50 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.117̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ ƿƹ̵ Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 73.108)
|
1) : ÷ м ƿƹ̵ ,
2) : ÷ м ƿƹ̵ ,
3) : ÷ м ƿƹ̵ ,
4) : ÷ м ƿƹ̵ ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : ƿƹ̵ ڷ
4
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ [C6H6, CAS No. 71-43-2] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
Ȱź(coconut shell charcoal, : 7 cm, ܰ: 6 , : 4 , : 100 , : 50 , 20/40 mesh Ǵ ̿ ̻ ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.010.20 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.010.20 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ȱź Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ȱź Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ȱź İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
۾ ϰ Ȱźȿ ϰ ȴ. Ȱź Ǵ ϹǷ ÷ ÷ ƾ Ѵ.
֊
|
İ äⷮ
|
(L/)
|
(L)1)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.010.20
|
5
|
30
|
> 45
|
30
|
1) 8ð ð 1 ppm .
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ȱź к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 5 ɿ 30̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱź ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м Ȳȭźҿ Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ȱź ÷ Ȱź 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ȱź Ȱź Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ Ǵ Ȳȭźҿ Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ȱź Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ȱź Ȱź ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 ȲȭźҸ ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 30 ̻ Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 Ȳȭźҿ ־ ȥսŲ ̸ Ȳȭźҷ ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) м Żȿ ÷Ḧ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- 2 m x 2 ID glass column packed with 15% silicone on silanized, acid washed Chromosorb W
- Capillary, fused silica: 30 m x 0.32 ID: 1 film 100%
PEG
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 250
|
: 300
|
: 50
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.5 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.114̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 78.118)
|
1) : ÷ м ,
2) : ÷ м ,
3) : ÷ м ,
4) : ÷ м ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : ڷ
5 2-θ
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ 2-θ[(CH3)2CHBr, CAS No. 75-26-3] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
Ȱź(coconut shell charcoal, : 7 cm, ܰ: 6 , : 4 , : 100 , : 50 , 20/40 mesh Ǵ ̿ ̻ ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.010.20 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.010.20 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ȱź Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ȱź Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ȱź İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
۾ ϰ Ȱźȿ ϰ ȴ. 2-θ Ȱź Ǵ ϹǷ ÷ ÷ ƾ Ѵ.
֊
|
İ äⷮ
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.010.20
|
0.1
|
12
|
-1)
|
-
|
1) .
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ȱź к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 5 ɿ 30̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱź ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
2-θ м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м Ȳȭźҿ 2-θ Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ȱź ÷ Ȱź 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ȱź Ȱź Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ 2-θ Ǵ Ȳȭźҿ 2-θ Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ȱź Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ȱź Ȱź ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 ȲȭźҸ ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 30 ̻ Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 2-θ Ȳȭźҿ ־ ȥսŲ ̸ Ȳȭźҷ ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) Żȿ ÷ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ 2-θ м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ 2-θ м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Capillary, fused silica: 30 m x 0.32-mm ID: 1.8-um film
phenyl/methyl polysiloxane, RTx-502.2
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 200
|
: 250
|
: 35 (3)150 (8 /)
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ 2-θǿ شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 1.0 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.107̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ 2-θ Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 123.008)
|
1) : ÷ м 2-θ ,
2) : ÷ м 2-θ ,
3) : ÷ м 2-θ ,
4) : ÷ м 2-θ ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : 2-θ ڷ
6
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
|
ȭн
|
CAS No.
|
鼮
|
Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
|
12001-29-5
|
|
(Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2
|
12172-73-5
|
û
|
Na2Fe32+Fe23+Si8O22(OH)2
|
12001-28-4
|
ƮƮ-
|
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
|
77536-68-6
|
ƼƮ-
|
Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
|
77536-66-4
|
ȼʶƮ-
|
(Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2
|
77536-67-5
|
2. ֊
. ֊
ο ( : 0.451.2 , : 25 ) е尡 ̰ 50 ī(extension cowl) ִ 3 īƮ( 25 ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.516 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.516 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ų. 3 īƮ ܺ Ѳ (open face) ÷Ḧ äϸ, īƮ ۾ ٴ ϵ Ѵ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ е ̱ е 1001,300 / ǵ äð Ѵ. Ǵ .
1) 0.1 /cc 14 L/ 8ð ÷Ḧ äѴ. ȯ濡 ä뷮 400 L Ѵ.
2) ٲ ÷ä Ѵ.
3) Ǵ , (717 L/) ª ð äѴ.
4) 0.1 /cc äǵ ⷮ(3,00010,000 L) äѴ. ̶ ǥ 50% ̻ ʵ ؾ ϸ, äǸ ϰ ȴ.
֊
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
0.516
|
4001)
|
-2)
|
1) 0.1/cc
2) () 100 1,300 äǵ ÷ä ѷ
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ 3 īƮ к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ¿ Ͽ ÷ ϴ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ 3 īƮ Ѳ äð ð뿡 (ڳ ) Ѵ. ÷ä밡 ÷ ܶѲ ݰ ÷ ϰ Ͽ Ƿ Ѵ.
÷ ÷ä ÷ ս ִ.
. ǻ
1) ̿ ̳ ڻ ̶ üλ 鼶 Ƿ ع ۿ ִ.
2) ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ (, ͼ, ϸ, Ÿ ) ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. þ
1) ̰(PCM, phase contrast microscope)
ȷ(10x), 빰(4045x), (numerical aperture, 0.650.75), ( = 530 ) Ѵ.
2) þ
ũθ м Ƽ ƮƼƾ Ѵ.
3) ̵۶ Ŀ
25 x 75 , β 1 ̵۶ ϸ, Ŀ 23 x 35 (빰 ´ β , Ϲ, No. 1.5 ) Ѵ.
4) ̰
Walton-Beckett graticule(Type G-22) Ѵ.
400 þ Walton-Beckett graticule 1002 ũѴ. 100 þ߸ 0.00785 ̴.
Walton-Beckett graticule ũι(stage micrometer, 0.01 division) Ͽ Ѵ.
5) HSE/NPL Ʈ ̵
6) Ƽ ȭ ġ
ﰢöũ(200250 ) ( 1622 cm) . ̶ վ öũ 1012 cm ϰ, (810 cm) ڿ÷ Ͽ 2030 θ. Ƽ ȭ ġ ǰ ȭ ̵۶ ȭ ˷̴(heated aluminium block) ص ȴ.
. ÷ ó
1) ̵۶ Ŀ ۴´.
2) Ƽ ȭġ ȿ Ƽ 4060 6070 Ѵ.
3) Ƽ ȭġ Ͽ Ƽ δ.
Ƽ Ǵµ, 輺 Ƿ Ҳ ؾ ϸ, ݵ ĵ ǽϵ Ѵ.
4) ɼ ڸ 3 īƮ ɽ ÷Ḧ ä ϵ ̵ ۶ ÷´.
5) Į ̵Ѵ(37 1/4Ѵ)
6) ø ̵带 Ƽ ȭġ Ⱑ κп 12 cm տ 25ʰ ⸦ ϰ ȴ.
Ƽ Ⱑ ϰ Ȯϱ ؼ ̵۶ ȴ. 23 cm Ⱑ ϹǷ ȭ Ű ȴ. ־ Ⱑ ̸, ȭ Ű Ƽ ʵ ϰ, ֱ ۾ֵ Ѵ.
7) ũ Ͽ 33.5 ƮƼƾ ߸.
ƮƼƾ Ŀ ü ϰ ä ִ Ѵ. 25 ̵Ͽ ϴ 34 ƮƼƾ ϴ. ϴ Ϳ ä ̵ Ͼ Ƿ Ѵ.
8) Ŀ Ͽ ϰ ʵ ´.
Ŀ аų ϰ Ϳ ä ̵ Ͼ Ƿ Ѵ.
9) Ŀ ڸ Ŀ Ŵť ĥϿ кѴ.
ä ÷ᳪ Ƽ濡 ȭ ǰų, Ƽ Ⱑ ̵忡 µ 50 ɷ Ͽ Ƽ ⸦ ߽Ų. ̶ µ ʹ ƮƼƾ Ͽ Ƿ Ѵ.
. м
1) ̰ ̹ ȭ Ų.
2) HSE/NPL Ʈ̵带 ̿Ͽ ̰ ش ȮѴ(ȸ м ϱ ֱ ȮѴ).
3) ̰ 繰뿡 ó ÷Ḧ ÷ 400 Ǵ 450迡 Ͽ 鼶 Ѵ.
4) ̰ 5 ũ 3:1 ̻ Ѵ.
5) 1, 1/2 Ѵ.
6) ʰ ۿ ְų ϴ ʴ´.
7) 100 ּ 20 ̻ ϵ, 100 ʵ Ѵ.
8) ٹ߹ġ ѷ 1 ϰ, ѷϰ ̸ Ѵ.
9) ̵ ݴ , ణ ٽ ̵Ű ȴ.
ù κ 繰븦 ̵ ̸ Ѵ.
ó Ѻκп ġġ ʰ ü Ѵ. ̵ ݴ ϰ, ٽ ݴ Ѵ.
1/6 ϸ ٸ Ѵ. ԽŰ ʴ´.
ű ؼ ̼ ̷ ߸鼭 Ѵ. ſ ϰ ̳ ü ū ģ.
.
1) ÷ä ݰ θ Ȯϱ ÷Ḧ мϵ Ѵ.
2) dz ǽɵǴ ÷Ḧ мϵ Ѵ.
3) ܺ α ؾ Ѵ.
4) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 7/̸, ÷äм 0.300̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ () Ѵ.
1) Ŀ Ͽ е Ѵ.
E1) =
|
(F2)/nf3) - B4)/nb5))
|
Af6)
|
1) : е, /
2) : ÷ ,
3) : ÷ þ
4) : ÷ ,
5) : ÷ þ
6) : þ߸, 0.00785 (graticule 100 )
2) ()
е ̿Ͽ Ѵ.
C : /cc
E : е
Ac : ȿ (Ͽ )
V : ÷ ä뷮()
7 6 ũȭչ
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ 6 ũȭչ[Cr(), CAS No. 7440-47-3] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
PVC ( : 37 , : 5.0 , polyvinyl chloride membrane) е(backup pad) 3 īƮ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (14 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (14 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ ÷ä Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä ä 1 ʰ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
֊
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
14
|
1001)
|
1000
|
1) ۾ 6ũ 0.1 / ðճ
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ ÷ä к Ƿ Ͽ 庸 Ѵ. м ÷ä 2 ̳ мϵ Ѵ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
6 ũ ݰ ä ÷ ÷ä ̿ ְ (2% ȭƮ/3% ź곪Ʈ) 5 ÷Ͽ кϿ 庸 Ѵ.
θ(stainless steel) ä ÷ ÷ä 8 ̳ мϵ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ǵ б Ⱑ ̿ũθ̾ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ
1,000 / ǥؿ Ǵ ̻ 6 ũ ǥؿ Ѵ.
.
2%ȭƮ/3% ź곪Ʈ : 1 L 뷮öũ 20 g ȭƮ(NaOH) 30 g ź곪Ʈ(Na2CO3) ְ ʼ Ȯ 1 L ǰ Ѵ.
. 븮(eluent)
1) : 7.0 mM ź곪Ʈ/0.5 mM ȭƮ
4 L 뷮öũ ź곪Ʈ 2.97 g ʼ 0.1 M ȭƮ(8 g/L) 20 ִ´. ʼ 뷮öũ ݱ ä.
2) б : 250mM Ȳ꿰/100 mM ȭϸ
1 L 뷮öũ Ȳϸ 33 g ʼ ȭϸ 6.5 ִ´. ʼ 뷮öũ ݱ ä.
. þ (post-column reagent)
2 mM 1,5-ī̵/10% ź/1N Ȳ Ͽ Ѵ.
1) 1,5-ī̵(1,5-diphenylcarbazide) 0.5 g 100 뷮öũ ־ ź÷ ݱ ä.
2) 1 L 뷮öũ ʼ ְ Ȳ(H2SO4) 28 ÷ϰ 1) 1 L ǵ ݱ ä.
. ȸ ÷
1) ȸ ÷ Ѵ. ÷ ÷ 6 ũ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) 6 ũ ǥؿ ̿Ͽ ÷ ֵ 緮 ̷ֻ ÷ä ÿ PVC ߸. ÷ ٸ ߷ ؿ 3 ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ ϰ, ٸ ؿ ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ Ѵ.
Ϲ , ߳, ؿ ÷ 3 ÷÷Ḧ ϱ 9 ȸ ÷÷ᰡ ȴ.
3) Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) ÷äκ ɼ ̿ 50 Ŀ ְ, 5.0 ÷Ѵ. ̿ 㱸 ÷ Ϳ 50 Ŀ ŷ ̿ 23 Ŀ ´.
÷ῡ Cr(III) Ѵٸ Ŀ ÷ Ұ 5 Ҿ() ־ش.
뼺 6 ũȭչ Ѵٸ ʼ ִ.
۾ ߿ ö, , , Ǵ ٳ Ͽ ÷ä밡 6 ũȭչ ÿ äȴٸ м ع ۿ ִ. ̷ ع ī ν ּȭų ִ.
2) Ŀ 135 45 ָ鼭 Ų.
÷ ʹ Ͽ ߽Űų Ű ȴ. ϸ Cr(VI) PVC Ͽ սǵ Ƿ Ѵ.
Ʈ ä 6 ũȭչ 90 ̻ ʿ ִ.
3) 1025 뷮öũ ű. ̶ ʼ Ŀ 23 ÷ս Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) ÷(0250 /÷) Ե ֵ ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ̶ ǥؿ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) ǥؿ 25 뷮öũ 5 ְ 6 ũ ǥؿ ÷ ʼ ǰ 25 ǰ ϴ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) м ȸ ÷Ḧ Ʒ ȸ Ѵ.
ȸ(RE, recovery) = ⷮ/÷
. м
̿ũθǸ ۵ ⸦ ȭ Ų ϵ Ѵ.
1) м
)
Į
|
Dionex HPIC-AG5 guard, HPIC-AS5 separator, anion suppressor
|
÷Է
|
50
|
|
1 us full scale
|
븮
|
7.0 mM Na2CO3/0.5 mM NaOH, Na2CO3
|
|
2 /
|
) б
Į
|
IonPac NG1 guard, IonPac AS7 separator, anion suppressor
|
÷Է
|
50100
|
|
1.5 /
|
븮
|
250 mM (NH4)2SO4 + 100 mM NH4OH
|
|
2 mM 1,5-diphenylcarbazide/10% MeOH/1N H2SO
|
|
0.5 /
|
|
540
|
2) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 3.5 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.130̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ 6 ũ ȭչ Ѵ.
C, /
|
=
|
(Cs1)Vs2) - Cb3)Vb4))
|
V5) x RE6)
|
1) : ÷ῡ 6 ũ , /
2) : ÷ 뷮,
3) : ÷ῡ 6 ũ , /
4) : ÷ 뷮,
5) : ÷ ä ѷ, L
6) : ȸ
8 Ȳȭź
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ Ȳȭź[CS2, CAS No. 75-15-0] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
( 7 cm, ܰ: 6 . : 4 , 270 Ȳ곪Ʈ, 22 100% 6 L ִ ) Ȱź(coconut shell charcoal, : 7 cm, ܰ: 6 , : 4 , : 100 , : 50 , 20/40 mesh Ǵ ̿ ̻ ) ķ Ͽ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.010.20 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.010.20 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ȱź Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ȱź Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ȱź İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
ȲȭҰ ۾ ߿ ص ع ۿ ʴ Ǿ, ÷ä븦 ϱ ÷ä ϸ ּȭ ų ִ.
֊
|
İ äⷮ
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.010.20
|
2
|
25
|
32.4
|
40
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ȱź к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 25 ɿ 1, 0 ɿ 6 ̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱź ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
Ȳȭź м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳɱڰ(FPD) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м 翣 ȲȭźҸ Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ȱź ÷ Ȱź 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ȱź Ȱź Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ Ȳȭź Ǵ 翣 Ȳȭź Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ȱź Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ȱźκ и Ȱź Ȱź ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 翣 ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 60 ̻ Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 ȲȭźҸ 翣 ־ ȥսŲ ̸ 翣 ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) Żȿ ÷ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ Ȳȭź м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ Ȳȭź м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Glass, 2 m x 6- OD, 5% OV-17 on 80/100 mesh
GasChrom Q
- Capillary, fused silica DB-5
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 150
|
: 145
|
: 30 (3)
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ Ȳȭźҿ شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.02 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.129̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ Ȳȭź Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 76.148)
|
1) : ÷ м Ȳȭź ,
2) : ÷ м Ȳȭź ,
3) : ÷ м Ȳȭź ,
4) : ÷ м Ȳȭź ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : Ȳȭź ڷ
9 ī ȭչ
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ ī[Cd, CAS No. 7440-43-9] ȭչ ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
( : 37 , : 0.8 , cellulose ester membrane) е(backup pad) 3 īƮ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (13 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (13 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ ÷ä Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä ä 2 ʰ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
ϰ ÷ä밡 Ǵ ÷ä м Ե Ǵ 찡 ִ. ̷ 찡 ʵ ÷Ḧ äϵ ؾ Ѵ.
֊
|
(L/)
|
(L)1)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
13
|
25
|
1500
|
1) ۾ ī 0.1 / ðճ
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ ÷ä к , ¿ ϸ, ¿ Ͽ ϴ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 ÷ä ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
3. м
. м
öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) Ѵ.
. ȸȭ
(Hot plate) Ǵ ũο̺(Microwave) ȸȭ⸦ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ
1,000 / ǥؿ Ǵ ̻ ī ǥؿ Ѵ.
. ó þ
1) ó
) ȸȭ : Ѱһ Ǻ 4:1 ȥϿ Ѵ.
) : ȸȭ 5% Ͽ Ѵ.
2) ũο̺ ȸȭ ó
) ȸȭ Ǵ ѿ Ѵ.
ĵ ؾ ϸ, Ǻ ϱ Ȱ, ȣ尩 ϰ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. ȸ ÷
1) ȸ ÷ Ѵ. ÷ ÷ ī ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) ī ǥؿ ̿Ͽ ÷ ֵ 緮 ̷ֻ ÷ä ÿ ߸. ÷ ٸ ߷ ؿ 3 ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ ϰ, ٸ ؿ ȸ ÷Ḧ ϵ Ѵ.
Ϲ , ߳, ؿ ÷ 3 ÷÷Ḧ ϱ 9 ȸ ÷÷ᰡ ȴ.
3) Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ Ŀ ű.
) Ŀ ȸȭ 5 ְ , ǿ¿ 30 Ƶд.
) Ŀ ű 120 ɿ ȸȭ 0.5 Ų.
) ȸȭ 2 ٽ ÷Ͽ Ų. Ŀ ȸȭ ݺѴ.
) Ŀ ȸȭ Ŀ θ ʼ ܿ Ŀ Ѵ. ϰ Ŀ ߽Ų.
) 23 Ŀ ٽ ؽŲ 10 뷮öũ ű 뷮 10 ǰ Ѵ.
뷮 ÷ ī Ͽ 20 Ǵ 25 ص ȴ.
2) ũο̺긦 ̿ ÷ ó
) ÷äκ ɼ ̿Ͽ , ũο̺ (vessel) ű.
) 13 ְų Ǵ 13 1 ߰Ͽ ִ´.
) Ѳ ݰ ũο̺ ȸ Ų , ũο̺ ȸȭ (µ, з, ð ) Ͽ ȸȭѴ.
) ũο̺ ۵ ߸ ٸ , ĵ Ѳ ɽ .
) 1025 뷮öũ ű θ ʼ 뷮öũ ְ ʼ 뷮 1025 ǰ Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) м(ICP, AAS) Ͽ 5 ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ̶ ǥؿ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
̿ ó ÷ ǥؿ ϸ, ũο̺ ȸȭ⸦ ̿ ǥؿ ÷ ϰ Ѵ.
2) ˷ ۼ ǥؿ ÷ ÷Ḧ ̿Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ѹ ۼ ˷ 10 ÷Ḧ м , м Ȯϱ 1 ǥؿ ÷Ḧ мϿ ϵ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) м ȸ ÷Ḧ Ʒ ȸ Ѵ.
ȸ(RE, recovery) = ⷮ/÷
. м
1) öб(ICP) Ǵ (AAS) ⸦ ۵ ȭŲ 228.8 溸· ī ϵ Ѵ. ع 228.8 ̿ ٸ Ͽ мѴ.
2) ǥؿ, ÷, ÷, ȸ ÷Ḧ Խ ī Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.0075 /÷(ICP) 0.05 /÷(AAS)̸, ÷äм 0.082(ICP м, 0.132(AAS м)̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ ī ȭչ Ѵ.
C, mg/m3
|
=
|
(Cs1)Vs2) - Cb3)Vb4))
|
V5) x RE6)
|
1) : ÷ῡ ī , /
2) : ÷ 뷮,
3) : ÷ῡ ī , /
4) : ÷ 뷮,
5) : ÷ ä ѷ, L
6) : ȸ
10 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ[CH3C6H3(NCO)2, CAS No. 584-84-9] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
1-2PP(1-(2-pryridyl)piperazine)) õ 37 3 īƮ Ȧ Ѵ.
1) Ŭηθź 1-2PP ÷Ͽ 0.2 / Ѵ.
2) 1) 0.5 Ͽ 37 ÷ä 鿡 Ѵ.
3) ¿ ⸦ Ų 쿡 ְ Ŭηθź ŵǵ Ѵ.
ó ݵ 庸 ϵ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (12 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (12 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä ÷ä Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ ÷ä Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ۾ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ Ͽ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
۾ ߿ ƹη(amines), ݷ, īǻ 1-2PP ִ ϸ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ ϰ ǹǷ ۿ ִ.
֊
|
÷ä ȿ
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
0.951.05
|
12
|
20
|
900
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ 3 īƮ κ Ͽ Ƿ Ѵ. ÷ 庸 ϵ ϸ ÷ä 1-2PP õ 3 īƮ(÷ä) ݵ 庸 ϵ Ѵ. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 ÷ä⸦ ϸ(3 īƮ ü · Ա ⱸ ¸ ), ÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡϿ Ѵ.
2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
ڿܼ-ñ Ǵ Ⱑ ɾüũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ(2,4-toluene diisocyanate), 븻(n-hexane), ƼƮ(acetonitrile, ACN), ƿ̵(Dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO), Ŭηθź(Dichloromethane), ϸ ƼƮ(Ammonium acetate) HPLC þ Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. ȸ ÷
ȸ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, ȸ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 1,2-PP õ ÷ 1,2-PP õ 3 غѴ.
2) 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ Ŭηθź ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Ѵ.
3) Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) īƮ Ȧ ִ ɼ 37 ̻ ٴ Ŀ ÷ ִ´. ̶ ʵ Ѵ.
2) Ŀ Ǵ 2.0 (ACN DMSO Ǻ 9:1 ȥ ) кϰų ´.
3) ٴ ̿ ִ ϱ ణ 1ð Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ ǥؿ(2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ 1,2-pp üȭ ) ϰų Ͽ Ѵ. ǥؿ ÷м Ѵ.
) 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ 3.5 g Ŭηθź ǰ 25 ǰ Ѵ.
) 1-2PP 7.25 g Ŭηθź ǰ 100 ǰ Ѵ.
) ) ) 鼭 ÷Ű. ÷ 35 ɿ 10а Ѵ.
) ǰ 10 Ұ (purging)Ų.
) (purging) 븻 ־ ħŲ(븻 ÷DZ ణ ħ Ͼ ִ).
) ħ Ų ħ ҷ Ŭηθź Ͽ ٽ 븻 Ͽ ħŲ.
) ħ ٽ Ų 븻 ôϰ Ų. ̷ ϸ 9 g ̼ҽþƳƮ ü ִ.
) ̼ҽþƳƮ ü 緮 DMSO 쿩 ǥؿ(stock solution) . ü 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ Դ .
2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ = ü x 0.3479
) ) ǥؿ ƼƮ ŷ Ͽ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) м ȸ ÷Ḧ Ʒ ȸ Ѵ.
ȸ(RE, recovery) = ⷮ/÷
. м
ɾüũθǸ õ м Ͽ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ м ϵ ⸦ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Supecosil, LC-8-DB, 3 particle size, 7.5 x
4.6 ; 2- guard column, 10 particle size
- Hypersil ODS 5 , 10 x 4.6
- 10 Alltech C8, 25 x 4.6
|
÷Է
|
1025
|
ڿܼ-ñ
|
254 Ǵ 313
|
|
240 excitation, 370 nm emission
|
̵
|
0.01 M ammonium acetate in 37.5/62.6 ACN/water adjusted to pH 6.2
|
|
1 /
|
̵ : ƼƮ ʼ Ǻ 37.5 : 62.5 ȥ ŷ ϸ, ƼƮϸ 0.77 g 500 ȥտſ ־ ȥտŸ ߰ ǰ 1 L ǰ , ʻ ణ pH 6.2 ǰ Ѵ.
2) ÷, ȸ ÷, ÷ ÷ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 19 ng/÷̸, ÷äм 0.168̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ Ѵ.
C, /
|
=
|
W1) - B2)
|
V3) x RE4)
|
1) : ÷ῡ м 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ ,
2) : ÷ῡ м 2,4-翣̼ҽþƳƮ ,
3) : ÷ä ѷ, L
4) : ȸ
11 ƮŬηοƿ
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ ƮŬηοƿ[C2HCl3, CAS No. 79-01-6] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
Ȱź(coconut shell charcoal, : 7 cm, ܰ: 6 , : 4 , : 100 , : 50 , 20/40 mesh Ǵ ̿ ̻ ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.010.20 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.010.20 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ȱź Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ȱź Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ȱź İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
۾ ϰ Ȱźȿ ϰ ȴ. ƮŬηοƿ Ȱź Ǵ ϹǷ ÷ ۾ȯ÷ ƾ Ѵ.
֊
|
İ 2) äⷮ
|
(L/)
|
(L)1)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.010.20
|
1
|
30
|
> 23.3
|
1306
|
1) 8ð ð 100 ppm ƮŬηοƿ .
2) OSHA İ 5%(1,306 / 23.3 L ̻ 5%̻ İ).
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ȱź к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 5 ɿ 30̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱź ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
ƮŬηοƿ м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м Ȳȭźҿ ƮŬηοƿ Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ȱź ÷ Ȱź 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ȱź Ȱź Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ ƮŬηοƿ Ǵ Ȳȭźҿ ƮŬηοƿ Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ȱź Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ȱź Ȱź ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 ȲȭźҸ ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 30 ̻ Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 ƮŬηοƿ Ȳȭźҿ ־ ȥսŲ ̸ Ȳȭźҷ ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) Żȿ ÷ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ ƮŬηοƿ м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ ƮŬηοƿ м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Capillary, fused silica: 30 m x 0.32 ID: 3 film 100% dimethylpolysiloxane
- capillary, fused silica: 50 m x 0.22 ID: 0.5 - 1.0 film 7% cyanopropyl, 96% methylsiloxane
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 250
|
: 300
|
: 50
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ ƮŬηοƿ شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.01 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.198̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ ƮŬηοƿ Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 131.398)
|
1) : ÷ м ƮŬηοƿ ,
2) : ÷ м ƮŬηοƿ ,
3) : ÷ м ƮŬηοƿ ,
4) : ÷ м ƮŬηοƿ ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : ƮŬηοƿ ڷ
12 ˵
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ ˵[HCHO, CAS No. 50-00-0] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
2,4-Ʈ(2,4-DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) õ Ǹīְ(60/100 mesh) Ǵ īƮ Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.031.5 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.031.5 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ǹīְ(Ǵ īƮ) Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ǹīְ(Ǵ īƮ) Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ǹīְ İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
֊
|
İ
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.031.5
|
1
|
15
|
551)
|
1.2
|
1) 10%̸, 5% İ ÷ä ˵ .
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ǹīְ к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 5 ɿ 30̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ǹīְ ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
. ǻ
Ǹīֿ õǾ ִ 2,4-Ʈ ҺϿ ִ ϰ, ˵ ü ϴ Ǿ. ٰ ǽɵǴ ϱ ũ ÷ä ܿ Ͽ ϴ . ٸ ˵幰 2,4-Ʈ Ͽ ü Ѵ. ̷ Į ̿Ͽ ˵ ü иϿ ִ.
3. м
. м
ڿܼ-ñ Ⱑ ɾüũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
HPLC м ˵(37%), ƼƮ Ѵ.
. ǥؿ(2,4-DNPH-HOHC)
2,4-Ʈ-˵ 100 / ǥؿ ϰų 2,4-Ʈ þ ǥؿ ռϿ Ѵ.
1) ǥؿ ռ
) 2 M HCl 1 L : 172 1 L 뷮öũ ÷Ͽ 1 L .
) 2,4-Ʈ 8 g Ȯ ) 2 M HCl ÷ 2025 ɿ 1 ð 鼭 ȭŲ.
) 0.45 ģ Ͽ Ѵ.
) ) ) ÷ 2,4-Ʈ 2 (molar) ̻ ˵带 ÷ 2025 ɿ 鼭 30п 1ð ġѴ.
) ) ̵(hydranone) ٽ Ѵ. 2 M HCl 50 3ȸ ݺϿ ̵ ôϰ ٽ 50 Ͽ 3ȸ ݺ ôѴ.
) 5060 ɿ Ų.
) ) ü 緮 Ȯ ƼƮ 쿩 ǥ .
̵ 1 ˵ 0.143 شϸ Ȯ HPLC ٸ ǥؿ ̿Ͽ ؾ Ѵ.
. ˵ (stock solution)
37% Ͽ ϰų ǰ Ͽ Ѵ.
1) pH ̿
) 37% 2.7 ʼ Ͽ 1L ǰ Ѵ.( 3 )
) 1.13 M Ȳ곪Ʈ 5 50 Ŀ ְ ڼݱ ָ鼭 Ǵ Ͽ pH 8.510 ϰ pH Ѵ.
) ) 10 ) Ѵ. ̶ pH 11 ̻ Ǵµ 0.02 N Ȳ Ͽ ) pH .( 17 ʿ) pH ġ Ǹ 0.01 N ȭƮ Ѵ.
)
Cs, / =
|
30.01) (Na2)Va3) - Nb4)Vb5))
|
Vs6)
|
1) : 30.0 g/equivalent of formaldehyde
2) : Ȳ 븣, 0.02 N
3) : Ȳ ,
4) : ȭƮ 븣, 0.01 N
5) : ȭƮ ,
6) : ) ÷ ˵ , 10
2) þ ̿
) 250 뷮öũ 0.1 M Ȳ곪Ʈ 50 þ 0.04% thymophthalein(w/v) 3 ִ´.
0.04% thymophthalein(w/v) źð 50:50 ϴ ſ ߷/Ǻ 0.04% ǵ Ѵ.
) 0.1 N Ȳ 12 ) ߷ ǵ Ѵ.
0.04% thymophthalein(w/v) þ 緮 ̻ pH Ǫ(blue color) Ÿ, 緮 pH Ÿ.
) ) ˵ 3.012.0 Ȯ Ͽ ) ÷ 0.1 N Ȳ ȥչ Ѵ. 緮 ϴ ̴.
)
Cs mg/mL =
|
30.01) (Na2) x Va3))
|
Vs4)
|
1) : 30.0 g/equivalent of formaldehyde
2) : Ȳ 븣, 0.1 N
3) : Ȳ ,
4) : ) ÷ ˵ ,
. Żȿ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ǹīְ ÷ Ǹīְ 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ ˵ (stock solution) ( ) Ǹīְ Ǹīֿ Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ ƼƮ ̿Ͽ Ͽ Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ǹīְ Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ʃ Ƕī ٸ 4 ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 2.0 ƼƮ ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 30 ̻ Ƶд.
īƮ Ͽ ˵带 ä ƼƮ ϵ īƮ ȸ簡 ǰ ϵ Ѵ.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ̶ ǥؿ ÷ ϴ ̾ Ѵ.
2) 2,4-DNPH-˵ ǥؿ Ͽ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
4) Żȿ ÷ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ɾüũθǸ õ м Ͽ 2,4-(˵ ü) м ϵ ⸦ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
3.9 x 150-, stainless steel, packed with 5 C-18, Symmetry
|
÷Է
|
20
|
|
UV, 360
|
̵
|
ƼƮ : ʼ= 45 : 55
|
|
1.3 /
|
2) ÷, Ż ÷, ÷ ÷ ˵忡 شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.07 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.171̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ ˵ Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 30.08)
|
1) : ÷ м ˵ ,
2) : ÷ м ˵ ,
3) : ÷ м ˵ ,
4) : ÷ м ˵ ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : ˵ ڷ
˵ Ǹīְ Ͽ ̸ Ż ǥؿ ǥؿ Żȿ ̹ ̹Ƿ Żȿ ʾƵ ȴ.
2,4-DNPH-˵ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼ Ŀ ÷ ü 쿡 ü ˵ ȯϱ ÷ῡ ߰ߵ ü 0.143 ش.
13 븻
1.
ǹ 39 2 ۾ 븻[C6H14, CAS No. 110-54-3] ʰθ Ȯϱ Ѵ.
2. ֊
. ֊
Ȱź(coconut shell charcoal, : 7 cm, ܰ: 6 , : 4 , : 100 , : 50 , 20/40 mesh Ǵ ̿ ̻ ) Ѵ.
. ֊
۾ ۾ Ȳ ۾ڿ ؾ ϸ, (0.010.20 L/) 8ð ۵ ؾ Ѵ.
.
÷ä Ʃ , ǰ ⸦ Ͽ (0.010.20 L/) Ѵ. ÷ä ․Ŀ ǽѴ.
. ֊
÷ä Ȱź Ʃ긦 ̿Ͽ Ȱź Ѵ. ν÷ ä ٷڿ Ű ÷ä ٷ ȣ Ͽ ÷Ḧ äѴ.
. ÷ä뷮
÷ä äѷ ǥ Ͽ ÷ ä Ȱź İ Ͼ ʵ ÷ä ð Ͽ ÷ä븦 Ѵ.
۾ ϰ Ȱźȿ ϰ ȴ. 븻 Ȱź Ǵ ϹǷ ÷ ÷ ƾ Ѵ.
֊
|
İ äⷮ
|
(L/)
|
(L)
|
ּ
|
ִ
|
äⷮ(L)
|
(/)
|
0.010.20
|
-1)
|
4
|
-
|
-
|
1) .
|
. ÷, ÷, ÷
ä ÷ Ȱź к , ¿ ϸ, ÷Ẹ ÷ 5 ɿ 30̴. ÷ ä ÷ 10% ̻ Ǵ ÷ἼƮ 210 غѴ.
÷ ÷ä뿡 Ȱź ξ ϸ, ÷ä뿡 Ȱ ϰ ÷ ϰ ޡѴ.
븻 м ϰų ִٰ ǽɵǴ ۾ ߿ Ѵٸ ÷мڿ ÷ Ͽ Ѵ.
3. м
. м
Ҳ̿ȭ(FID) ũθǸ Ѵ.
. þ
ũθ м Ȳȭźҿ 븻 Ѵ.
ǥؿ ÷ ó ݵ ĵ ȿ ۾ ؾ Ѵ.
. Żȿ ÷
Żȿ ÷м ÷ ġ(batch) ּ ϸ, Żȿ ÷ Ͽ ϵ Ѵ.
1) 3 (, , ) 3 Ȱź ÷ Ȱź 3 غѴ.
2) ̷ ֻ⸦ ̿Ͽ Żȿ (stock solution) ( ) Ȱź Ȱź Ѵ. Żȿ 1) 3 Ե ֵ 븻 Ǵ Ȳȭźҿ 븻 Ѵ.
3) Żȿ Ȱź Ϸ ǿ¿ Ƶд.
. ÷ ó
1) Ȱź Ȱź ٸ ̿ ´.
2) ̿ 1.0 ȲȭźҸ ְ ´.
3) ָ鼭 ǿ¿ ּ 30 ̻ Ƶд.
. ˷ ۼ
1) Ѱ迡 Ѱ 10 ּ 5 ̻ ǥؿ Ͽ ˷ ۼѴ. ǥؿ ÷ ؾѴ.
2) ǥؿ 緮 븻 Ȳȭźҿ ־ ȥսŲ ̸ Ȳȭźҷ ϴ ǥؿ ϴ ǥؿ Ѵ.
3) ǥؿ ǥؿ(standard matching solution) : ǥؿ Ȯ ̸ ִ ǥؿ 2 ϵ Ѵ.
4) ۾忡 ä ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷Ḧ мѴ.
5) Żȿ ÷ Ʒ Żȿ Ѵ.
Żȿ(DE, desorption efficiency) = ⷮ/Է
. м
ũθǸ ̿ 븻 м ӹ ð ع ٸ ȭй 翩ο Į м м ٸ Ͽ мϵ Ѵ. õ м Ͽ 븻 м ϵ ũθǸ ȭ Ų.
1) м
Į
|
- Capillary, fused silica: 30 m x 0.32 ID: 3 film 100% dimethylpolysiloxane
- capillary, fused silica: 50 m x 0.22 ID: 0.5 - 1.0 film 7% cyanopropyl, 96% methylsiloxane
|
÷Է
|
1
|
ݰ
|
Ǵ
|
µ
|
÷ᵵԺ : 250
|
: 300
|
: 35 (8), 7.5 /, 230 (1)
|
2) ÷, Żȿ ÷, ÷ ÷ 븻꿡 شϴ ũ Ǵ ̸ Ѵ.
3) Ѱ ÷äм
Ѱ 0.4 /÷̸, ÷äм 0.120̴.
.
Ŀ ۾ 븻 Ѵ.
C, ppm
|
=
|
(Wf1) + Wb2) - Bf3) - Bb4)) x 24.455)
|
V6) x DE7) x 86.188)
|
1) : ÷ м 븻 ,
2) : ÷ м 븻 ,
3) : ÷ м 븻 ,
4) : ÷ м 븻 ,
5) : ۾ȯǥػ(25 , 1 )
6) : ÷ä ѷ, L
7) : Żȿ
8) : 븻 ڷ
4
1. ðհ ܽð Ⱚ Ѵ.
. X1(ðհ)
X1
|
=
|
C1․T1 + C2․T2 + + Cn․Tn
|
8
|
C : ( : ppm, mg/m3 Ǵ /cm3)
T : ð( : ð)
. X2(ܽð Ⱚ)
STEL Ǿ ִ ڰ ۾ð (ܽð) Ǵ 쿡 15а Ͽ ܽð Ⱚ Ѵ.
, ÷äð( ð) 8ð Ѵ.
2. X1(X2) Y(ǥȭ ) Ѵ.
Y(ǥȭ ) =
3. 95% ŷڵ ġ Ѵ.
ġ = Y - ÷äм
4. ʰ
. ġ > 1 ʰ Ѵ.
. 1.. TWA ʰϰ STEL ϳ ̻ شǸ ʰ Ѵ.
- 1ȸ ӽð 15 ̻
- 1 4ȸ ʰϿ Ǵ
- ȸ 60 ̸
[ 1ȣ]
߱
У, ߰, ϰ ̳ ÿ Ѵ.
Ѱ裺Ȯη¿ .
321-2911
92. 4. 7
|
210mm297mm
μ(2)60g/
|
[ 2ȣ]
(ȭȣ)
ȣ :
:
: : ()
:
:
|
|
|
-
|
ǥ
|
|
|
Ź, ü
|
ȭ ȣ
|
|
|
( ) . . .
( ) . . .
߰( ) . . .
|
F A X ȣ
|
|
Ȳ
|
Ǵ
|
|
|
|
5 ̻
|
Ÿ
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ǵ
Ȳ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(߰)
|
|
|
(5 ̻ )
|
ü
|
мо
|
|
|
|
(12 )
|
(Ⱓ)
|
|
|
|
99. 12. 8
|
210mm297mm(Ϲݿ60g/(2))
|
[ 3ȣ]
û
|
óⰣ
|
30
|
|
|
1.
|
|
|
|
|
ȭ ȣ
|
|
|
( Ǵ )
|
|
◦ Ź( )
◦ ü( )
|
2. о
◦ ȭչо ( )
◦ ( )
ǹ428 ۾ȯ ûմϴ.
å ( Ǵ )
ѱǰ ǿ
|
÷μ 1. η Ȳ( η, ÿ ش)
|
[ 4ȣ]
û
|
óⰣ
|
30
|
|
|
1.
|
|
|
|
|
ȭ ȣ
|
|
|
( Ǵ )
|
|
◦ Ź( )
◦ ü( ) ◦Ÿ ( )
|
2. о
◦ ȭչо ( )
◦ ( )
۾ȯ 642 ûմϴ.
å ( Ǵ )
ѱǰ ǿ
|
[ 5ȣ]
ȣ
۾ȯ ()
|
:
ǥ :
()Ϲȣ:
:
ȿ :
۾ȯ 602 Ͽ մϴ.
ѱǰ ǿ
|
[ 6ȣ]
ȣ
۾ȯ (м)
|
:
:
Ҽӱ:
ȿ:
۾ȯ 602 Ͽ մϴ.
ѱǰ ǿ
|